Mathematical models are used to determine if infection wave fronts could occur by traveling geographically in a loop around a region or continent. These infectionwave fronts arise by Hopf bifurcation for some spatial models for infectious disease transmission with distributed-contacts. Periodic traveling waves are shown to exist for the spatial analog of the SIRS endemic model, in which the tem...

Booster vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has been offered to adults in England starting on 14 September 2021. We used a test-negative case–control design estimate the relative effectiveness of booster dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) compared only two-dose primary course (at least 175 days after second dose) or unvaccinated individuals from 13 2021 5 December 2021, when Delta varia...

Background: Study of vascular and its secretory profile changes is an important issue in pathogenesis of radiation myelopathy. This paper reports the prostacyclin concentration changes after low-moderate doses of X-irradiation within a short period of time. Materials and Methods: Cervical cords of Wistar rats were irradiated to doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 Gy X-rays. After 24 hours, 2 and 13 ...

OBJECTIVES This quasi-experimental longitudinal study monitored aggregate Google search queries as a proxy for consumer interest in non-cigarette tobacco products (NTP) around the time of the 2009 US federal tobacco tax increase. METHODS Query trends for searches mentioning common NTP were downloaded from Google's public archives. The mean relative increase was estimated by comparing the obse...

Animal models are essential for basic and clinical research on virus diseases. Humanized mice (mice reconstituted with human hematopoietic cells) have been effectively used various studies as small animal models. Studies human-tropic HIV-1 also performed using different humanized mouse Various generated distinct strains engraftment methods. These techniques affect the reconstitution of cells in...

the objective of this research is to investigate the effect of four additives including iron slag (is), works debris (wd), fly ash (fa), and lime kiln dust (lkd) on the biochemical properties of biosolids produced at mangere wastewater treatment plant (mwwtp), auckland, new zealand. all these additives are homogenously mixed in the laboratory with biosolids at various percentages with and witho...

The use of human brain tissue in neuroscience research is increasing. Recent developments include transplanting neural tissue, growing or maintaining neural tissue in laboratories and using surgically removed tissue for experimentation. Also, it is likely that in the future there will be attempts at partial or complete brain transplants. A discussion of the ethical issues of using human brain t...

BACKGROUND Subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) accounts for around 50 % of all cases of shoulder pain. The most commonly used treatments are glucocorticosteroid (steroid) injections and exercise therapy; however, despite treatment SAPS patients often experience relapse of their symptoms. Therefore the clinical effect of combining steroid and exercise therapy is highly relevant to clarify. The aim ...