Objective: Nano medicine has become one of the promising research areas, opening new horizons in disease diagnosis and treatment. Recent years have witnessed a surge development for combating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), most common autoimmune arthritis. RA is characterized by progressive inflammation persistent synovitis, leading to joint destruction, functional incapability, ultimately disabili...

The influence of chronic arthritic pain on two endogenous opioid peptides, dynorphin B and [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and multiple opioid receptors in discrete brain, lumbar spinal cord and pituitary pools was investigated. Using radioimmunoassay and receptor binding assay, we examined the changes in regional opioid peptide levels and opioid receptor activity due to chronic inflammation in adj...

The stepping forces of normal and Freund Complete Adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic rats were studied in vivo using a proposed novel analgesic meter. An infrared charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a data acquisition system were incorporated into the analgesic meter to determine and measure the weight of loads on the right hind paw before and after induction of arthritis by FCA injection into...

The IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody responses of patients with Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 infection were studied by immunoblotting with plasmid encoded released proteins of Y enterocolitica as the antigens. The results indicate that antibodies of all three classes are most consistently directed against the proteins of molecular weights 25,000 and 36,000. Less than two months after the onset of infe...

The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells regarding clinical outcomes and cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis remains unclear; however, their theoretical role multilineage cellular differentiation immunomodulation the arthritic cascade has been investigated. Several studies have reported that use cell therapy for helps pain improvement, but its effect on not yet explored. Moreover, numer...

50 kDa chitosan was conjugated with folate, a specific tissue-targeting ligand. Nanoparticles such as chitosan-DNA and folate-chitosan-DNA were prepared by coacervation process. The hydrodynamic intravenous injection of nanoparticles was performed in the right posterior paw in normal and arthritic rats. Our results demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of DsRed detected was 5 to 12 times...

Fleming researchers have developed an actin-based cellular assay for drug discovery in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The assay uses primary synovial fibroblasts (SF) isolated from the joints of proprietary arthritic transgenic mice overexpressing human TNF. The assay accurately quantifies the intracellular level of F-actin using fluorescencently-labelled phalloidin. Reduced F-actin levels...

INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease affecting peripheral joints and leading to loss of joint function. The severity and outcome of disease are dependent on the balance between inflammatory/destructive and homeostatic or repair pathways. Increasing evidence suggests a role for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in joint homeostasis and disease. ME...

This study was performed to evaluate whether endocan expression, which is known to be involved in tumor angiogenesis, was increased in rheumatoid arthritic tissues. In addition, the involvement of adiponectin in the regulation of endocan expression in arthritic joints was examined. Arthritic synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA) were immunostained ...