With the death of A. W. Prichard, on January 13th, another old landmark of the medical profession in the West of England passed away. Born at the " Red Lodge," Park Row, Bristol, seventy-three years ago, he took a great deal of interest in this house, and during his life enriched its collection of old Bristol valuables by several gifts. He was the son of Augustin Prichard, a prominent surgeon o...

We establish hardness versus randomness trade-oos for Arthur-Merlin games. We create eecient nondeterministic simulations of bounded round Arthur-Merlin games, using a language in exponential time which small circuits cannot decide given access to an oracle for satissability. Our results yield subexponential size proofs for graph nonisomorphism at innnitely many lengths unless the polynomial-ti...

Article history: Received 31 July 2013 Available online 12 December 2014

Dr. Askins was born in Clonmore, County Carlcw, Ireland, in 1880. He received his medical education at Trinity College, Dublin, and graduated M.B., Ch.B., B.A.O., at Dublin University in 1907 (First Class Honourman and First Place Final Medical Examination). Later he gained the Cambridge Diploma in Public Health and the degrees of M.A. and M.D. at Dublin University. He was also a barrister-at-l...

As in the case of BPP, we can reduce the error probability of any MA protocol to be less than an inverse exponential in the input size. Here’s how. Let L ∈ MA be any language. Let R(x, y, z) be a polytime relation for L such that, for every x ∈ L, there is a y with Prz[R(x, y, z) = 1] ≥ 3/4; and for every x 6∈ L, for every y, it holds that Prz[R(x, y, z) = 1] ≤ 1/4. Consider a new protocol wher...

This paper investigates the role of interaction and coins in public-coin quantum interactive proof systems (also called quantum Arthur-Merlin games). While prior works focused on classical public coins even in the quantum setting, the present work introduces a generalized version of quantum Arthur-Merlin games where the public coins can be quantum as well: the verifier can send not only random ...

This paper describes Arthur, a World Wide Web-based instruction system that provides adaptive instruction to accommodate learning style in order to achieve a significant difference when technology is applied to instruction. The design of Arthur is discussed, including considerations related to the learning experience, adapting instruction, and learner models using case-based reasoning. System i...

Forty years ago, a Japanese press release issued on the occasion of a visit by Arthur Kornberg called him the “father of life in a test tube.” This was in reference to his laboratory’s 1967 feat of copying single-stranded circular DNA into a replicative form and then back to an infectious viral DNA strand using purified DNA polymerase and DNA ligase (Figure 1, left panel). Although a somewhat e...

Arthur Wilfrid Adams died on 9th December, 1974, aged 82 years. He was a Bristolian, the son of Avery Adams, who was for many years Secretary to Bristol Education Committee and a well known local artist. Wiilfrid was educated at Clifton College and then studied medicine lin Bristol and at 'the London Hospital qualifying M.B., BjS. (London) in 1916. After service with (the RAMC 'in the First Wor...