Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia observed in immunocompromised patients (transplant or positive HIV) occurred more frequently by the artificial xenodiagnosis method (10/38) compared with hemoculture (2/38), given the same quantity of blood. Other ways of diagnosis, like mice inoculation (5/38), QBC and buffy coat (2/38), were evaluated also. This result showed the importance of the artificial xeno...

INTRODUCTION Selection of the artificial membrane feeding technique and blood meal source has been recognized as key considerations in mass rearing of vectors. METHODOLOGY Artificial membrane feeding techniques, namely, glass plate, metal plate, and Hemotek membrane feeding method, and three blood sources (human, cattle, and chicken) were evaluated based on feeding rates, fecundity, and hatch...

in the present study the distribution of rubella hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titer in the sera of 1486 women of 18 to 25 years old residing in tehran were examined. sera were pretreated with acid washed kaolin and pigeon red blood cell. titers below 1:10 and in some studies below 1:20 are considered nonimmune to rubella. our results show that 10, 29% of studied population had hi a...

BACKGROUND Infection of mosquitoes is an essential step for the transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses in nature. Engorgement of infectious blood meals from viremic infected vertebrate hosts allows the entry of viruses and initiates infection of midgut epithelial cells. Historically, the infection process of arboviruses in mosquitoes has been studied through the engorgement of mosquitoes fr...

Unlike donor red blood cells (RBCs), blood substitutes can be treated to remove infective agents and can be used on the spot or in the ambulance in emergency without the time-consuming typing and cross-matching. Donor RBC requires storage at 4 degrees and is only good for 42 days, but blood substitutes can be stored for much longer time. For example, a bovine polyhemoglobin (PolyHb) can be stor...

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted by sandflies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In the present study, we carried out a screening on the experimental infection of Phlebotomus pernioucus by bioluminescent Leishmania infantum using murine model and artificial feeder. We developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based me...

The effect of perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with artificial cerebrospinaJ fluid containing carbachol on the blood flow in the caudate nucleus of the cat and the possibility to inhibit this effect by anticholinergic drugs was studied by means of the hydrogen clearance technique. After a control period during which both lateral ventricles were perfused with artificial CSF of Identical comp...

To investigate alternative mechanisms generating artificial circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), an electrical model of the circulation was developed. Heart and blood vessels were modeled as resistive-capacitive networks; pressures in the chest, abdomen, and vascular compartments as voltages; blood flow as electric current; blood inertia as inductance; and the cardiac and ven...

Objective: This study is to explore the impact of different pressure of artificial pneumothorax on surgical exposure and patients’ respiratory and circulation in thoracic esophageal laparoscopic surgery. Method: The 60 esophageal cancer patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the experiment group (single lumen endotracheal intubation with artificial pneumothorax pressure of 9 mmHg) and th...