During a survey of aquatic fungi from Anzali Lagoon in Iran, several fungal specimens were isolated freshwater habitats. Morphological evidence and comparing sequencing based on rDNA (ITS LSU) protein-coding genes (TEF1 TUB2) showed that some isolates belong to undescribed species. These Arthrobotrys Sarocladium, two ascomycetes genera. hyrcanus, sp. nov., differs closely related species such a...

Fungal symbioses are one of the key attributes of land plants. The twenty first century has witnessed the increasing use of molecular data complemented by cytological studies in understanding the nature of bryophyte-fungal associations and unravelling the early evolution of fungal symbioses at the foot of the land plant tree. Isolation and resynthesis experiments have shed considerable light on...

Filamentous fungi spontaneously undergo vegetative cell fusion events within but also between individuals. These cell fusions (anastomoses) lead to cytoplasmic mixing and to the formation of vegetative heterokaryons (i.e., cells containing different nuclear types). The viability of these heterokaryons is genetically controlled by specific loci termed het loci (for heterokaryon incompatibility)....