Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus plannipenis Fairmaire, is an invasive insect accidentally introduced to North America from Asia that attacks and kills trees ( Fraxinus spp.). A common control strategy in urban centers has been the injection of systemic insecticides into mature trees, which can be costly at large scales. This study investigated whether treating a subset susceptible population c...

Abstract Many tasks in statistical and causal inference can be construed as problems of entailment a suitable formal language. We ask whether those are more difficult, from computational perspective, for probabilistic languages than pure (or “associational”) languages. Despite several senses which reasoning is indeed complex—both expressively inferentially—we show that satisfiability) systemati...

Hoarding Disorder is a condition often referred to occupational therapy for comprehensive assessment and intervention, however the strategies that professionals use in clinical management of hoarding behaviors poorly understood. The purpose this mixed methods survey design research was collect analyze information on beliefs, attitudes, perceptions common effective intervention techniques curren...

Four different principles of visual manipulation constitute a minimal list of what a visually "literate" viewer should know about, but certain problems exist which are inherent in measuring viewers' awareness of each of them. The four principles are: (1) paraproxemics, or camera work which derives its effectiveness from an analogy to the real-world domain of spacial communication; (2) false con...

A plant's performance and interactions with other trophic levels are recorgnized to be contingent upon plant diversity and underlying associational dynamics, but far less is known about the plant traits driving such phenomena. We manipulated diversity in plant traits using pairs of plant and a substitutive design to elucidate the mechanisms underlying diversity effects operating at a fine spati...