In theory no doubt any existing refractive error should be found and treated, so that the individual may enjoy the most perfect optical conditions possible. But it must always be borne in mind that the eyes are only part of the living organism, dependent on the whole, deriving from it and adding to it. This may modify the position. A comfortable and efficient ocular mechanism depends on much mo...

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the visual angle and ambient illumination effects on visual fatigue and performances while viewing from a projected screen for 40 minutes. Methods: Visual angle (16, 24 and 48 min arc of Chinese character height) and ambient illumination (200 and 750 lux) were the independent variables in this study. Change in critical flicker frequency (...

BACKGROUND The shortage of surgeon is one of the serious problems in Japan. To solve the problem, various efforts have been undertaken to improve surgical education and training. However, appropriate teaching methods in the operating room have not been well established. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of a novel interactive educational (IE) system for surgical education on urolog...

OBJECTIVE Cancer is one of the four leading causes of death in children. Its courses of diagnosis and treatment can cause physiologic symptoms and psychological distress that secondarily affect children's quality of life and participation in daily activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of play-based occupational therapy on pain, anxiety, and fatigue in hospitalized chil...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjects who wear short wavelength-blocking eyeglasses during computer tasks exhibit less visual fatigue and report fewer symptoms of visual discomfort than subjects wearing eyeglasses with clear lenses. Methods A total of 36 healthy subjects (20 male; 16 female) was randomized to wearing no-block, low-blocking, or high-blocking eyegl...

BACKGROUND The increasing popularity of commercial movies showing three dimensional (3D) computer generated images has raised concern about image safety and possible side effects on population health.This study aims to (1) quantify the occurrence of visually induced symptoms suffered by the spectators during and after viewing a commercial 3D movie and (2) to assess individual and environmental ...

PURPOSE Involuntary physiological responses offer an alternative means to psychophysical procedures for objectively evaluating discomfort glare. This study examined eye movement and pupil size responses to glare discomfort using new approaches to analysis: relative pupil size and speed of eye movement. METHODS Participants evaluated glare discomfort using the standard de Boer rating scale und...

We created a virtual-reality simulation of sea fish for science education and displayed it using a CAVElike multi-projection display. Our intent with the display was to provide actual-size objects and produce stereoscopic 3D images of fish close to the observer, thus enhancing interactions with and understanding of the virtual fish. To examine the safety aspects and functional effects of the VR...

OBJECTIVES I-Preventive is a digital preventive tool for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in computer workers. We sought to determine its impact on pain in computer workers with upper limb MSDs and visual discomfort. METHODS We conducted a pilot cluster randomised trial in 2 different sites of a tyre factory in France. We randomised 200 employees to either an intervention group (I-Preventive)...