نتایج جستجو برای: astrocyte
تعداد نتایج: 6077 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Astrocytes produce numerous mediators under conditions of inflammation in the central nervous system. One such mediator is nitric oxide (NO) derived from nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2), the high output, inducible NOS isoform. Expression of NOS-2 and production of NO can be stimulated in astrocyte cultures by combinations of cytokines and lipopolysaccharide, a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin....
Glia affect neural circuits in numerous ways. Microglia strip synapses and clear debris after injury; oligodendrocytes form myelin, which regulates axon conduction velocity and limits sprouting; and astrocytes direct blood flow to active circuits, provide nutrients and growth factors, regulate extracellular ion concentrations, guide neurite growth, promote synaptogenesis, stabilize dendritic sp...
Hill et al. claimed in previous work that sonic hedgehog signalling pathway is an essential regulator of astrocytes development. We present here a formalization claim, stating all things class “smoothened signaling pathway” are the context thing “human” mostly have relation type “affects” to “astrocyte development” same context.
Aging brains undergo cognitive decline, associated with decreased neuronal synapse number and function and altered metabolism. Astrocytes regulate neuronal synapse formation and function in development and adulthood, but whether these properties change during aging, contributing to neuronal dysfunction, is unknown. We addressed this by generating aged and adult astrocyte transcriptomes from mul...
In a recent study of the pathophysiology of mild, blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) the exposure of dissociated, central nervous system (CNS) cells to simulated blast resulted in propagating waves of elevated intracellular Ca(2+). Here we show, in dissociated human CNS cultures, that these calcium waves primarily propagate through astrocyte-dependent, purinergic signaling pathways tha...
BACKGROUND Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a complex condition that exhibits a spectrum of abnormal neuropsychological and locomotor behaviors. Mechanisms for neuropathogenesis could include irregular immune activation, host soluble factors, and astrocyte dysfunction. METHODS We examined the role of astrocytes as modulators of immune function in macaques with SIB. We measured changes in astr...
Astrocytes are one of the most abundant cell types in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), and astrocyte swelling is the primary event associated with brain edema. Glutamate, the principal excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the CNS, is released at high levels after brain injury including cerebral ischemia. This leads to astrocyte swelling, which we previously demonstrated is relat...
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