Facet joints are the important articular pillars of spine. Several pathologies can occur in and around facet joint, including extra ossicles, traumatic dislocation, osteoarthritis, synovial cyst, axial spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, septic malignant benign neoplasms. Imaging is mainstay to detect characterize these diseases. In this review, we...

This study was conducted to find out the status of the ossicles in cases of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). One hundred and fifty cases of CSOM, who underwent surgery, were included and their intra-operative ossicular chain findings noted. Ossicular erosion was found to be much more common in unsafe CSOM than in safe CSOM. Malleus was found to be the most resistant ossicle to erosion w...

introduction: auditory temporal resolution and auditory temporal ordering are two major components of the auditory temporal processing abilities that contribute to speech perception and language development. auditory temporal resolution and auditory temporal ordering can be evaluated by gap-in-noise (gin) and pitch-pattern-sequence (pps) tests, respectively. in this survey, the effect of biling...