In the current situation, fossil fuels are primary source for electricity production. As a result of activities related to environmental protection, other sources also used produce energy. One renewable is biomass, which becoming more and popular economic reasons. Biomass produced in green areas energy that has not been an appropriate way so far. This scientific article presents possibility usi...

Presented herein is the integral valorization of residual biomass to film composites by their fractionation into building blocks in a multicomponent cascade isolation approach. First, pine cones were subjected alkaline pretreatment, followed soda pulping. Two different hemicellulose/lignin-based fractions recovered from extractives these treatments, with yield 19%. Then, chloride- and peroxide-...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic surface of gutta­percha cones after cutting with different methods. materials and methods: the apical 3 millimeters of forty standardized, gutta-percha cones size 40 were cut off using scissors or a scalpel against a glass slab. the samples were then examined under scanning electron microscopy (sem) for topographic deformit...

Thinning of the site to a target basal area of 65 ft/ac was conducted in June 1999 to maintain stands within the 50to 80-ft/ac basal area range recommended for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) habitat (US Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 2009). Additionally, it was thought that by reducing stand stocking the remaining trees would have sufficient growing space to better respond to ma...

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill) was once the main southern pine species found throughout the southeastern United States, encompassing approximately 38 million hectares (6). After nearly complete destruction of the longleaf pine ecosystem, restoration efforts in recent years have caused resurgence in the planting of longleaf pine on many state and federal lands (14). Many factors have signi...

The flicker response contour has been determined, with equality of light-dark time ratio, for the diurnal bird the Australian zebra finch. This bird has only cones in the retina. The curve of log critical intensity as a function of flash frequency is simplex, a normal probability integral. In this respect it is like that for other vertebrates not exhibiting visual duplexity. The parameters of t...

Exotic tree pathogens can cause devastating ecological effects on forests that can be exacerbated when infections increase the likelihood of attack by insects. Current high rates of mortality of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) are due to white pine blister rust caused by the exotic fungus, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch, and the native mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hop...

115 Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) was often associated with oaks (Quercus spp.) on upland sites in presettlement forests of the upper Great Lakes region, but widespread logging and subsequent fires in the late 1800s converted these upland sites to fire-tolerant oak forests. Although white pine regeneration is occurring in these second-growth oak forests, white pine regeneration patterns...