Thyrocyte expression of HLA class I and class II antigens and related accessory molecules would convert these epithelial cells into functional antigen-presenting cells. Here we show that whereas normal thyrocytes express FcRn, Graves' disease thyrocytes also express FcgammaRIIB2. We further find that expression of FcgammaRIIB2, but not FcRn, is repressed by dihydrotestosterone. By mediating the...

This is the case report of a 39-year-old lady who presented with clinical and laboratory features secondary hypothyroidism two years after achieving biochemical resolution Graves' disease cessation anti-thyroid medications. The thyroid function tests at presentation revealed: Serum T3 1.33ng/ml (normal range 0.8-1.7ng/ml), T4 2.92 4.5-12.0µg/dl), TSH 0.2mIU/l 0.5-5.0mIU/l). Thyroid-related auto...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells and is characterised by the presence of insulitis and &and beta-cell autoantibodies. Up to one third of patients develop an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Fifteen to 30% of T1DM subjects have autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's or Graves' disease), 5 to 10% are diagnosed with autoimmune g...

Many cases have been published showing a co-existence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) and other autoimmune diseases. About a quarter of patients with achalasia have a concurrent thyroid disease, most commonly associated with hypothyroidism. Although relatively rare, the association of achalasia and hyperthyroidism requires attention. The physiopathology of Grave's Disease (GD) involves B...

The global effort to prevent iodine deficiency disorders through iodine supplementation, such as universal salt iodization, has achieved impressive progress during the last few decades. However, iodine excess, due to extensive environmental iodine exposure in addition to poor monitoring, is currently a more frequent occurrence than iodine deficiency. Iodine excess is a precipitating environment...

UNLABELLED Diabetes Mellius Type 1 (DM1) is frequently associated to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD). The prevalence of AITD among diabetic patients varies between 3 to 50% and the incidence is also big among their family members, when compared to the population in general. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of AITD in patients with DM1; to evaluate possible differences concerning the...

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) includes hyperthyroid Graves disease, hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis, and subtle subclinical thyroid dysfunctions. AITD is caused by interactions between genetic and environmental predisposing factors and results in autoimmune deterioration. Data on polymorphisms in the AITD susceptibility genes, related environmental factors, and dysregulation of autoimmun...

Although celiac disease (CD) may occur in patients with other immune-mediated disorders, its coexistence with multiple autoimmune diseases is not frequently described. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman referred to our centre because of jaundice and diarrhoea, who was diagnosed with CD in childhood. She complied with a gluten-free diet until puberty. Laboratory tests and liver biopsy wer...