Smoking cigarettes throughout pregnancy is one of the single most important avoidable causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and it represents the first major environmental risk of the unborn. If compared with other risk factors in the perinatal period, exposure to tobacco smoke is considered to be amongst the most harmful and it is associated with high rates of long and short term morbidity and ...

BACKGROUND Worldwide, a high proportion of HIV-infected individuals enter into HIV care late. Here, our objective was to estimate the impact that late entry into HIV care has had on AIDS mortality rates in Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed data from information systems regarding HIV-infected adults who sought treatment at public health care facilities in Brazil from 2003 to 2...

BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (ACEI/ARB-II), diuretics and NSAIDs, a combination known as "Triple Whammy", can result in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and acute kidney injury (AKI). Objectives: To describe the incidence of AKI for each drug type and their combinations. To define the profile of patients admitted for drug-related AKI secondary to Triple Whammy drugs ...

CONTEXT Little is known about the prevalence of maternal mortality in refugee camps for populations displaced by conflict, or about the factors contributing to such deaths. METHODS Maternal Death Review Reports were used to analyze maternal deaths that occurred in 2008-2010 in 25 refugee camps in 10 countries. Assessed outcomes included causes of death; delays in women seeking, reaching or re...

the commentator suggests that it is necessary to extend the classical connotation of  global city which focuses much on the functions of controlling global capital and production. global city should also include the dimensions of the leading role and capacity on health improvements and well-being promotion. the commentator agrees with authors’ assessments about shanghai’s substantial progress o...

Electrical burns are linked to a high rate of morbidity and mortality, usually avoidable with basic safety precautions. High voltage electrical injuries uncommon, yet they have death rate. Electrocution refers any caused by an shock the body. Although introduction electricity was hailed as gift civilization, its use in domestic households has continued increase fatalities, either because lack p...