PURPOSE To generate percentile curves of axial length (AL) for European children, which can be used to estimate the risk of myopia in adulthood. METHODS A total of 12 386 participants from the population-based studies Generation R (Dutch children measured at both 6 and 9 years of age; N = 6934), the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (British children 15 years of age; N ...

Abstract This study has considered the behaviour of granular materials subjected to drained cyclic loading under constant mean effective stress. Using discrete element method, cubical, isotropically compressed samples were 50 cycles at different values stress ( $$p' =$$ p ′ </mml:ms...

the aim of this paper is to investigate the bazaars and shopping centers as public spaces. given theweakness of public places and consequently the weakness of social interactions, today’s societies are in dire need ofsocial spaces to increase social interactions. therefore, the review of these two as then and now’s urban spaces couldhelp solve some problems. bazaars are among the oldest iranian...

We examine the accelerating ‘obesity epidemic’ in the US from the perspective of recently developed theory relating a cognitive hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis to an embedding ‘language’ of structured psychosocial stress. Using a Rate Distortion argument, the obesity epidemic is found to represent the literal writing of an image of a ratcheting pathological social hierarchy onto the bodies o...

Filopodia are bundles of actin filaments that extend out ahead of the leading edge of a crawling cell to probe its upcoming environment. In vitro experiments (Vignjevic et al. in J Cell Biol 160:951-962, 2003) have determined the minimal ingredients required for the formation of filopodia from the dendritic-like morphology of the leading edge. We model these experiments using kinetic aggregatio...

The critical role played by adhesive bonds in lap joints is well known. A good knowledge of the mechanical properties of adhesive bonds in lap joints is a prerequisite to the design and reliable prediction of the performance of these bonded structures. Furthermore, the lap joint may be subject to high-temperature environments in service. Early detection of the degree of thermal degradation in a...

trabeculectomy is the most common procedure performed in glaucoma patients to reduce intraocular pressure for a long-time period. this intervention can cause alterations in axial length (0.1-0.9 mm), anterior chamber depth (0.11±0.22 mm), and keratometry readings (1.07±1.14 diopter). these changes may linger for more than one year and may negatively affect the precision of intraocular lens powe...