Given the strong selective pressures often faced by populations when colonizing a novel habitat, the level of variation present on which selection may act is an important indicator of adaptive potential. While often discussed in an ecological context, this notion is also highly relevant in our clinical understanding of viral infection, in which the novel habitat is a new host. Thus, quantifying...

A new triflavanoid, kandelin B-5 (1), was isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax china L., together with six known phenylpropanoid substituted flavan-3-ols (2-7), nine flavonoids (8-16), two stilbenoids (17, 18), and two other compounds (19, 20). The structure of compound 1 was determined on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS data, as well as chemical method. Compounds 2-5, 8-12, 15, 17, and 1...

A new solanocapsine-type tomato glycoside, a novel and interesting natural steroidal glycoside, was isolated from a mini tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. The chemical structure of the new minor glycoside, esculeoside B-5 (3), was determined to be (5S,22R,23S,24R,25S)-22,26-epimino-16β,23-epoxy-3β,23,24-trihydroxycholestane 3-O-β-lycotetraoside.

For all $a,b>0$, the following two optimal inequalities are presented: $H^{alpha}(a,b)L^{1-alpha}(a,b)geq M_{frac{1-4alpha}{3}}(a,b)$ for $alphain[frac{1}{4},1)$, and $ H^{alpha}(a,b)L^{1-alpha}(a,b)leq M_{frac{1-4alpha}{3}}(a,b)$ for $alphain(0,frac{3sqrt{5}-5}{40}]$. Here, $H(a,b)$, $L(a,b)$, and $M_p(a,b)$ denote the harmonic, logarithmic, and power means of order $p$ of two positive numbers...

Abstract The reaction of 5‐Ph 2 P‐Ace‐6‐Li (prepared in situ from 6‐Ph P‐Ace‐5‐Br and n ‐BuLi the presence TMEDA) with B(OMe) 3 B(O i ‐Pr) , respectively, provided boronic esters P‐Ace‐6‐B(OR) ( 1 a R=Me; b R= ‐Pr; Ace=acenaphthyl). Hydrolysis crude mixture afforded acid P‐Ace‐6‐B(OH) ), which crystallizes as hydrogen bonded complex ⋅ TMEDA CHCl . Condensation yielded related boroxine [5‐Ph P‐A...

1Department of Rheumatology, Cardiff University and 2Connective Tissue Biology Laboratories, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. Jan Bondeson, MD PhD; Shane Wainwright, PhD; Clare Hughes, PhD; Bruce Caterson PhD. This work has been supported by the Arthritis Research Campaign (UK), grants no. W0596, 13172 and 14570. Please address correspondence to: Prof. Bruce Cater...

In the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, 5'-oxoaverantin (OAVN) cyclase, the cytosolic enzyme, catalyzes the reaction from OAVN to (2'S,5'S)-averufin (AVR) (E. Sakuno, K. Yabe, and H. Nakajima, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:6418-6426, 2003). Interestingly, the N-terminal 25-amino-acid sequence of OAVN cyclase completely matched an internal sequence of the versiconal (VHOH) cyclase that was deduced...