'H, 13C, and '5N NMR assignments of the protein backbone of human interferon-y, a homodimer of 3 1.4 kDa, have been made using the recently introduced three-dimensional (3D) triple-resonance NMR techniques, It is shown that, despite the -40-50-HZ 13Ca and *Ha line widths of this high molecular weight dimer and the extensive overlap in the 'Ha and I3Ca spectral regions, unique sequential assignm...

objective: in this paper, we have introduced topoisomerase inhibitors, mechanism of action and types of them. dna topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze essential enzymes to solve the topological problems accompanying key nuclear processes such as dna replication, transcription, repair and chromatin assembly by introducing temporary single or double strand breaks in the dna. result...

Nucleic acids have been extensively modified by replacing the phosphodiester group or the whole sugar phosphodiester with alternative anionic, neutral and cationic structures. Several of these modified oligonucleotides exhibit improved properties including enhanced recognition and binding to RNA, duplex DNA and proteins. This has resulted in the development of new and more potent antisense and ...

This paper proposes to use virtual backbone structure to handle control messages in ad hoc networks. This structure is effective in reducing the overhead of disseminating control information. In the first part, the approach to build the virtual backbone on the setup phase is presented. The construction of backbone is based on the Minimum Connected Dominating Set (MCDS). The novelty is in the wa...

Network of public spaces composes of a network of interconnected land use and various elements of the city, such as synthetic and natural which shows the city as a whole. Network structure of public spaces is important because understanding this network as a structure presents us the formation of the city. This paper attempts to define the status of the network of public spaces in the city stru...

T he city-state of Singapore with a land area of 639 square kilometers lies at the southern tip of the Asian continent. It has about 2.8 million residents and a vehicle population of 560,000, including about 284,000” private cars.’ There are 2,900” kilometers of high-standard roads (including 110 km of expressways) with good traffic management measures. The backbone of public transportation is ...