Control refers to an obligatory referential dependency between an argument of a verb and the subject of the verb’s clausal complement. In many languages, the direction of the control relation can only be forward, as it is the matrix argument that provides the referential identity of the silent embedded subject. A priori, however, there is no reason to rule out a backward control relation, where...

This paper aims to account for the backward anaphora that seem to be against the c-command requirements in the anaphor-antecedent relations. It was claimed that the binding conditions should apply at LF for the backward binding cases involving phych-verbs and causatives. Under the recent development of minimalism where the concept of levels disappears to adopt a cyclic derivation, the data that...

We study a model in which lifetime individual utility is derived from both present and past consumption streams. Each of these streams is discounted, the former forward in the usual way, the latter backward. We presume that an individual at date t evaluates consumption programs according to some weighted average of her own felicity (as perceived at date t) and that of “future selves” at dates g...

class of neurons known as starburst amacrine cells compute the direction of a visual stimulus, according to new results from Thomas Euler, Peter Detwiler (University of Washington, Seattle, WA), and Winfried Denk (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany). The experiments show that starburst dendrites signal independently of the electrical activity of the soma, an ability ...

Background Motor intervention plays an important role in reducing the disabilities of Down syndrome (DS). A lack of balance and postural control has created motor problems in DS patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of backward walking on postural stability of DS patients. Materials and Methods Sixteen DS children with 8-10 age range were selected by convenience s...

in the light of the 2008 world development report, this paper revisits the impact of agriculture on overall economic growth, in the case of an oil producing country, using indices of intersectoral linkages. to this end, four input-output tables of iran’s economy are utilized. the results support the importance of the agricultural sector in stimulating the economic growth of iran, but also s...

The monitoring and tracking of urban air pollution is a challenging environmental issue. approach synchronous 3-D detection wind using solo coherent Doppler lidar (CDWL) developed demonstrated. distribution pollutant depicted by the backscatter coefficient based on signal intensity CDWL. Then, high-resolution field derived to track local source with its diffusion analyze transboundary episodes....

Tractor-trailer vehicles are affected by jackknifing, a phenomenon that consists in the divergence of trailer hitch angle and ultimately causes vehicle to fold up. For case backward motions, which jackknifing can occur at any speed, we present control method drives along generic reference Cartesian trajectories while avoiding angle. This is obtained thanks feedback law combines two actions: tra...

In this paper, we study a kind of Stackelberg game where the controlled systems are described by backward stochastic differential delayed equations (BSDDEs). By introducing new adjoint equation, establish sufficient verification theorem for optimal strategies leader and follower in general case. Then, focus on linear–quadratic (LQ) with delay. The equilibrium is presented generalized fully coup...

In the field of UAV object tracking, correlation filter based approaches have received lots attention due to their computational efficiency. The methods learn filters by ridge regression and generate response maps distinguish specified target from background. An ideal can predict object's position in a new frame, turn, backtrack past frames. However, neglect tracking reversibility most limits p...