From March 1998, the inter-bank settlement of most high value wholesale payments in New Zealand will occur on a real time gross settlement (RTGS) basis. This means that the interbank transfer of funds associated with each such payment will be posted to the exchange settlement accounts of the paying and receiving banks at the Reserve Bank, transaction by transaction, irrevocably and ahead of val...

The current regulatory environment is changing with regard to security settlement systems and central counterparty services. Various initiatives are addressing these changes, e.g. CESR/ESCB, Giovannini, CPSS/IOSCO, ISD, G30 and the European Commission’s Communication on Clearing and Settlement. In this paper, we do not want to resolve or comment on any of these issues, but believe it is of the ...

conclusions most cases for pneumothorax were consisted of the patients with the primary spontaneous pneumothorax; the patients with recurrent pneumothorax were comprised of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax patients and those of majority secondary spontaneous pneumothorax patients were observed with bullous emphysema profile. by looking at the pertinent literature, there are publications showi...

There are some artificial and natural materials on foundation of heap leaching structures. Geomembrane liner is the most important artificial isolated layer of these structures. The thickness of this layer is about 1 to 2 mm. Foundation overall settlement of such structures changes the primary length of the geomembrane layer. If the strain of geomembrane is more than allowable one, the layer wi...

What does the public think it means to “settle” a civil case? Most legal disputes in United States end an agreement settle, but little is known about what laypeople settlement. To fill this gap, we took direct approach: asked nationally representative sample of US adults—more than 1000 them—basic questions We found widespread understanding essential nature and frequency settlement, persistent, ...

An electricity supply smart contract was developed and demonstrated to perform pre-time-of-use price negotiation between demand and generation and posttime-of-use settlement and payment. The smart contract was demonstrated with 1000 loads/generators with usages simulated using lognormal probability distributions. It combines payment of deposit, negotiation of price based on estimates, settlemen...

We model the ci il dispute resolution process as a two-stage game with the parties bargaining to reach a settlement in the first stage and then playing a litigation expenditure game at trial in the second stage. We find that the English rule shifts the settlement away from the interim fair and unbiased settlement in most circumstances. O erall welfare changes are in fa or of the party who makes...

In order to understand the load sharing and settlement reduction behaviour of piled raft resting on soft clay, 1g model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the effect of pile length and number of piles. The load settlement behaviour obtained from the tests has been validated using simplified method (Polous & Davis). Equivalent pier concept of Poulos and Davis...

In nature, marine mussels (Mytilus edulis) suffer less fouling colonization on the newly formed sides of their shells. Using settlement assays with algal spores of Porphyra suborbiculata, we determined that spore attachment and germination on the periostracum decreased to 36.8 and 3.3 %, respectively. Additionally, the spore settlement was considerably diminished by periostracum dichloromethane...