There has long existed a controversy regarding the formation of the bainite phase in steels. Nonetheless, following the clear identification of bainite in 1930, several characteristic features associated with the bainite transformation became well established. These features include: the classification into upper and lower bainite; the existence of a bainite-start temperature; and the incomplet...

Duplex stainless steel multi-pass welds were made at 0.15 MPa, 0.45 MPa, and 0.75 MPa pressure, simulating underwater dry hyperbaric welding by the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) method, with welds of normal pressure as a benchmark. The purpose of this work was to estimate the effect of ambient pressure on the microstructure, pitting corrosion resistance and impact toughness of the weld metal. T...

the influence of aluminium on the microstructure of austempered ductile cast iron (adi) has been studied. the presence of well distributed graphite in the matrix, and a relatively high volume fraction of retained austenite are responsible for the good mechanical properties of the aluminium alloyed austempered ductile irons including excellent wear resistance, higher resistance to thermal shock,...

Abstract— This paper develops a method of modelling and designing air-gapped ferrite inductor as filter for large current application of grid-tied inverter. The design method incorporates magnetization curve of the ferrite materials while the modelling of the inductor is based on inverse JilesAtherton model. The dynamic performance of the designed ferrite inductor in the DC-AC inverter circuit ...

Pipelines have been installed and operated around the globe to transport oil gas for decades. They are considered be an effective, economic safe means of transportation. The major concern in their operation is corrosion. Among different forms corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which caused by stresses induced internal fluid flow or other external forces during pipeline’s operation, com...

The synergetic effect on hardenability by combining boron with other microalloying elements (such as Nb, Mo and Nb + Mo) is widely known for high-strength medium carbon steels produced direct quenching subsequent tempering treatment. improvement of mechanical properties could be reached through optimization different mechanisms, such solid solution hardening, unit size refinement, strain fine p...

ferrite sind magnetische werkstoffe, die in der technik vielseitige verwendung finden.z.b. ferritantennen, magnetophon, magnetische verstarker, magnetregler informationsspeicher,schaltelemente ; u.s.w. neue typen von ferriten erschlissen sich immer wieder neue anwendungsgebiete. die magnetische eigenschaft der ferrite hangen von der anordnung der atomen in kristallstruktur abo ferrite haben ein...

A new technique which allows the simulation of thin ferrite absorbing tiles in a coarse TLM mesh is described. Results are presented which show a good fit to manufacturers' reflectivity curves. Experimental and simulation results for a screened room partially lined with ferrite are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the method. INTRODUCTION The Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) method of num...

Local electron work function, adhesive force, modulus and deformation of ferrite and austenite phases in a duplex stainless steel were analyzed by scanning force microscopy. It is demonstrated that the austenite has a higher electron work function than the ferrite, corresponding to higher modulus, smaller deformation and larger adhesive force. Relevant first-principles calculations were conduct...