introduction: the selection of suitable beam angles and weights in external-beam radiotherapy is at present generally based upon the experience of the planner. therefore, automated selection of beam angles and weights in forward-planned radiotherapy will be beneficial. material and methods: in this work, an efficient method is presented within the matlab environment to investigate how to improv...

clarithromycin (cla), a broad-spectrum macrolide, is a poorly soluble drug with dissolution rate limited absorption. the aim of this investigation was to prepare cla nanoparticles from a ternary ground mixture in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (sls) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (pvp) as co-grinding water-soluble compounds, in order to improve the drug dissolution rate. different weight rati...

background: physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. however the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. the aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...

Energy shaping is a remarkably effective control strategy which can be applied to wide range of systems, including underactuated mechanical systems. However, research in this area has generally neglected actuator dynamics. While often appropriate, it might result degraded performance the case fluidic actuation. In work we present some new results on energy for systems action mediated by pressur...

background: the presence of a wedge filter in the beam trajectory can modify the beam quality and cause some changes in the dosimetry parameters which are usually difficult to be measured directly and accurately. material and methods: in this study the mcnp-4c monte carlo code was used to simulate the 9 mv photon beam generated by a linear accelerator. upon getting a good agreement between the ...

The aim of this note is to investigate f -vectors of simplicial balls, especially the relations between interior and boundary faces. For a simplicial ball B we denote by fi(B) the number of i-dimensional faces. The boundary ∂B of B is a simplicial sphere with face numbers fi(∂B). We also define fi(int B) := fi(B) − fi(∂B) although the interior int B of B is not a polyhedral complex. For simplic...