A classic question in evolutionary biology is how form-function relationships promote or limit diversification. Mechanical metrics, such as kinematic transmission (KT) in linkage systems, are useful tools for examining the evolution of form and function in a comparative context. The convergence of disparate systems on equivalent metric values (mechanical equivalence) has been highlighted as a s...

Component batching can be a source of time waste in specific industrial applications, such as kitting. Kitting operations are usually performed by hoppers, but other devices used to optimize the process. In previous work, rotary device has been proved more efficient than hoppers; allows kitting and releasing components single rotatory movement, while traditional hoppers require at least two mov...

In a laboratory, model of mid-channel bar is built to study the turbulent flow structures in its vicinity. The present on structure around based unravelling fluvial fluxes triggered by bar’s 3D burst phenomenon. To this end, three-dimensional velocity components are measured with help acoustic doppler velocimetry (ADV). results indicate that transverse component kinetic energy cannot be neglect...

Heteronuclear complexes are highly active catalysts in alternating ring opening copolymerizations (ROCOP) of cyclohexene oxide (CHO)/carbon dioxide or CHO/phthalic anhydride (PA). In this contribution, a series new trinuclear is investigated through structure activity study that reveals the influences ligand electronic properties and metal selection over catalytic linkage selectivity. The faste...

The cam-linkage mechanism is a typical transmission in mechanical science and widely used various automated production equipment. However, conventional modeling methods mainly focus on the design dimensional synthesis of slow-speed scenario. influence component dimensions not taken into consideration. As result, model accuracy dramatically falls when analyzing large-size mechanisms, especially ...

Because of their modified cranial morphology, syngnathid pipefishes have been described as extreme suction feeders. The presumption is that these fishes use their elongate snout much like a pipette in capturing planktonic prey. In this study, we quantify the contribution of suction to the feeding strike and quantitatively describe the prey capture mechanics of the bay pipefish Syngnathus leptor...

The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, is of high commercial importance as a silk producer and is also widely used for implementation of basic and applied research. It is important to understand its genome organization using molecular markers for genetic studies and for breeding purposes. In this study, a genetic linkage map using 204 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was d...

A sinusoidal grating can be viewed as a series of light and dark bars. Here we measure the contrast discrimination thresholds for light and dark bars individually, and find that the contrast discrimination thresholds for the whole sinusoid can be explained as ideal summation of the light and dark bar thresholds. We propose a model for light bar, dark bar, and sinusoidal contrast discrimination ...

Type specimens have high scientific importance because they provide the only certain connection between the application of a Linnean name and a physical specimen. Many other individuals may have been identified as a particular species, but their linkage to the taxon concept is inferential. Because type specimens are often more than a century old and have experienced conditions unfavourable for ...