This article critically examines Saul Kripke’s (1972) argument for the separability of necessary truths from truths known a priori, focusing on his criticism of the standard meter case presented by Wittgenstein (1968). It attempts to show that Kripke’s argument is unworkable on any of several readings. Wittgenstein’s own broadly conventionalist account of necessary truth is then considered in t...

The molecular mechanism of H(2) activation by two transition metal thiolate complexes [Cp*M(PMe(3))(SDmp)](BAr(F)(4)) (M = Ir, Rh) (Ohki, Y; Sakamoto, M; Tatsumi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 11610-11611) has been investigated using density functional theory calculations. According to our calculations, the reaction of the iridium thiolate complex with H(2) is likely to proceed through the f...

A plethora of cell biological processes involve modulations of cellular membranes. By using extended lipid-binding interfaces, some proteins have the power to shape membranes by attaching to them. Among such membrane shapers, the superfamily of Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins has recently taken center stage. Extensive structural work on BAR domains has revealed a common curved fold th...

A simple method for studying operant wheel running in rats. The present report describes an operant running device for rats. The apparatus makes use of an activity wheel driven by a small electric motor. The motor is started by a bar press; once activated, the wheel turns for 3-30 sec. depending on the setting of a timing device. The system is well suited to long term studies of activity patter...

Members of the Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain protein superfamily are involved in membrane remodeling in various cellular pathways ranging from endocytic vesicle and T-tubule formation to cell migration and neuromorphogenesis. Membrane curvature induction and stabilization are encoded within the BAR or Fer-CIP4 homology-BAR (F-BAR) domains, alpha-helical coiled coils that dimerize into membra...

A headed reinforcing bar is a new type of reinforcement with a T-shaped anchor connected to the end of a reinforcing bar. Conceptually, the bar is usually a tension member or compression one depending on structural engineering applications. The T-shaped anchor, referred to as head in the rest of this report is a relatively stiff steel "plate" in terms of its structural behavior. When embedded i...

Hydrogen fuel is considered as a most promising alternative energy source for vehicles and portable electronics. For this technology to be practical for automobiles, the U.S. Department of Energy has established a design target of 6.0 wt% reversible hydrogen storage by 2010, but current materials fall far short of this goal. Consequently, many studies are devoted to metal hydride and carbon-bas...

BACKGROUND Bar code technology has decreased transcription errors in many healthcare applications. However, we have found that linear bar code identification methods are not failsafe. In this study, we sought to identify the sources of bar code decoding errors that generated incorrect patient identifiers when bar codes were scanned for point-of-care glucose testing and to develop solutions to p...

before constitution revolution, advocacy in our country governed by islamic law and lawyers introduced as a free profession in means of that law. after that revolution the government promulgated some rules for its regulation as an official profession. by act of bar association independence, this profession declared independent. many lawyers after islamic revolution have been filtrated and by th...