The problem of poor, degraded white people in the antebellum South presented a problem to both reformers and proponents of slavery. Sharpening the differences of race meant easing those of class, ensuring that public schooling did not always receive widespread support. The cult of white superiority absolved the state of responsibility for social mobility. As better schooling was advocated for r...

We argue that the inability of schools to embrace new core technologies lies instead in the nature of schools as social institutions. Thus the catalytic power of information technologies are likely to leave the core practices of schooling untouched, and instead open up a wide range of alternative learning venues to traditional schools. We see the seeds of a technology-driven, alternative system...

Schools have much to learn from video games and the gaming community. By providing compelling activities for motivating otherwise indifferent learners, video games can potentially help teachers improve the design of learning environments. However, there are considerable rhetorical and practical barriers between the schooling and gaming communities grounded in fundamentally different approaches ...

Studies have shown the influence of schooling on performance in the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), suggesting that a single cut-off score is not appropriate for all groups of elderly people. Objectives To verify the influence of schooling on the DRS in a Brazilian elderly population. Methods The DRS was applied to 118 cognitively healthy controls and to 97 patients with mild probable Alzheime...

This paper develops two methods for estimating the effect of schooling on achievement test scores that control for the endogeneity of schooling by postulating that both schooling and test scores are generated by a common unobserved latent ability. These methods are applied to data on schooling and test scores. Estimates from the two methods are in close agreement. We Þnd that the effects of sch...

Schooling predicts better reproductive outcomes, better long-term health, and increased lifetime earnings. We used data from 5 cohorts (Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa) to explore the relative importance of birthweight and postnatal weight gain for schooling in pooled analyses (n = 7945) that used appropriate statistical methods [conditional weight (CW) gain measures...

In this paper standing balance control of a biped with toe-joint is presented. The model consists of an inverted pendulum as the upper body and the foot contains toe-joint. The biped is actuated by two torques at ankle-joint and toe-joint to regulate the upper body in upright position. To model the interaction between foot and the ground, configuration constraints are defined and utilized. To s...

The mirror system, comprising cortical areas that allow the actions of others to be represented in the observer's own motor system, is thought to be crucial for the development of social cognition in humans. Despite the importance of the human mirror system, little is known about its origins. We investigated the role of sensorimotor experience in the development of the mirror system. Functional...

We investigate the impact on earnings inequality of a selective education system in which school assignment is based on initial test scores. We use a large, representative household panel survey to compare adult earnings inequality of those growing up under a selective education system with those educated under a comprehensive system. Controlling for a range of background characteristics and th...

This study examined the role that dissimilar bare footprint collection and measurement processes have on the Reel method of measurement in forensic podiatry and its use in the Criminal Justice System. Previous research indicated the Reel method was a valid and reliable measurement system for bare footprint analysis but various collection systems had been used to collect footprint data and both ...