Glycine, a photorespiratory intermediate, enhanced the in vivo reduction of nitrate in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf slices, when included in the assay medium. Isonicotinyl hydrazide, an inhibitor of glycine oxidation, partially reduced NO(2) (-) production. The enhancement caused by glycine treatment was reversed by isonicotinyl hydrazide when both were present together in the medium. Simil...

Six-day-old seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Hemus) were placed in darkness in order to induce senescence-like changes. The symptoms of senescence and the reversibility of the processes were followed by analyses of the content of leaf pigments, the levels of total soluble and Rubisco immunoreactive protein and total proteolytic activity with casein as a substrate. Rubisco specific d...

The importance of wild barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the origin and domestication of cultivated barley has long been underestimated. Population-based phylogenetic analyses were performed to study the origin and genetic diversity of Chinese domesticated barley, and address the possibility that the Tibetan region in China was an independent center of barley domestication. Wild barley (Hord...

Multiple cropping (i.e. intercropping or mixed cropping) plays an important role in agriculture because of the effective utilization of resources, significantly enhancing crop productivity compared with that of monocultured crops. The study was planed to assess the effect of various concentrations (00, 30, 60, 90 kg ha(-1)) of phosphorous on the biochemical composition of grains of Hordeum vulg...

Abstract Threshability, defined here as the propensity of grains to lose their hull after harvest, is a key trait in naked barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). While threshability defining characteristic and has been found be associated with grain size shape, its genetic architecture poorly described. The goals this study were identify quantitative loci evaluate utility covariates genomic prediction m...

In many cases, secondary plant products accumulate in the large central vacuole of plant cells. However, the mechanisms involved in the transport of secondary compounds are only poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the transport mechanisms for the major barley (Hordeum vulgare) flavonoid saponarin (apigenin 6-C-glucosyl-7-O-glucoside) are different in various plant species: Uptake into ...

An increase in global temperatures will impact future crop yields. In the cereal crops wheat and barley, high temperatures accelerate reproductive development, reducing the number of grains per plant and final grain yield. Despite this relationship between temperature and cereal yield, it is not clear what genes and molecular pathways mediate the developmental response to increased temperatures...

In temperate cereals, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), the transition to reproductive development can be accelerated by prolonged exposure to cold (vernalization). We examined the role of the grass-specific MADS box gene ODDSOC2 (OS2) in the vernalization response in cereals. The barley OS2 gene (HvOS2) is expressed in leaves and shoot apices but is repressed by v...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) primary leaves synthesize saponarin, a twofold glucosylated flavone (apigenin 6-C-glucosyl-7-O-glucoside), which is efficiently accumulated in vacuoles via a transport mechanism driven by the proton gradient. Vacuoles isolated from mesophyll protoplasts of the plant line ant310, which contains a mutation in the chalcone isomerase (CHI) gene that largely inhibits flavono...