Widespread use of pharmaceuticals has resulted in mixture concentrations ranging from mg/L in effluent to µg/L concentrations in surface water. In a 2008 study, 13 pharmaceuticals, ranging in amounts from 0.0028 to 0.1757 µg/l, were identified in the Tennessee River, USA and its tributaries. In order to address the need for risk assessment of environmentally relevant pharmaceutical mixtures, <e...

The effects of magnesium stearate (MgSt) and shear stress on flow properties and hydrophobicity are not well known. Blends with different concentrations of magnesium stearate and varying amounts of shear were tested using three different procedures: the FT4 Rheometer test, a tap density analyzer, and the Washburn method, to better understand the relation of lubricant concentration, amount of sh...

IFAPP (International Federation of Associations of Pharmaceutical Physicians and Pharmaceutical Medicine) is a nonprofit organization with the mission to promote Pharmaceutical Medicine & Medicines Development (PM&MD) by enhancing the competencies and maintaining high research ethical standards of Pharmaceutical Physicians and other professionals involved in medicines development worldwide, lea...

As global competition intensifies, research and development (R & D) organizations need to enhance their strategic management in order to become goal-directed communities for innovation and allocate their resources consistent with their overall R & D strategy. The world pharmaceutical market has undergone fast, unprecedented, tremendous and complex changes in the last several years. The pharmace...

The issue of applying marketing on the pharmaceutical market has the features of subject-based approach, with the intention to appreciate the specific nature of the products, as well as the special characteristics of the complexly formed demand. The relevance of the issue is related to the above-average performance of the pharmaceutical industry, its role in the generation of humanity's demogra...

BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical representatives are a vital component of the marketing of pharmaceutical products and an important source of prescribing information for general practitioners. AIM A study was undertaken to explore the attitudes of New Zealand general practitioners to pharmaceutical representatives. METHOD A questionnaire survey of 100 general practitioners was undertaken to which ...

While six sigma quality has long been achieved in other industries, it is rarely seen in the pharmaceutical sector. However, consumers and patients deserve six sigma quality pharmaceuticals with minimal risks of shortages or recalls. We propose that the future of pharmaceutical quality is six sigma, meaning that no more than 3.4 defects occur per million opportunities. We discuss the path to ge...

Eco friendly pharmaceutical packaging materials are the safe materials for environment which enclose pharmaceutical product in any of the dosage forms. They may be derived from natural resources, like starches, proteins etc. that inflict little or nearly no harm on the environment and the environment dependent species. This review highlight the eco friendly materials, their classification, uses...