The water crisis is one of the important issues in the Middle East countries. Many lakes are ‎drying up and/or facing critical situations, exerting tremendous impacts on the socio-economics ‎of their region. Lake Urmia, in northwestern Iran, currently is facing critical situations and is on ‎the brink of total ‎shrinkage and environmental disaster. This paper investigates the roots of crises ‎t...

Introduction and Background: One of the most fundamental questions in the geological and thermal evolution of the Moon is the nature and history of mantle melting and its relationship to the formation and evolution of lunar multi-ringed basins. Mare volcanic deposits provide evidence for the nature, magnitude and composition of mantle melting as a function of space and time [1]. Many argue that...

To investigate the Holocene vegetation history and shoreline displacement along the southeastern Swedish coast, two radiocarbon dated pollen, macrofossil, and mineral magnetic sequences were studied in the western Blekinge coast: Hunnemara Lake and Smygen Bay. Both pollen records show mosaic vegetation with grasslands, heaths and woodlands prior to 11,300 cal. BP. Pinus-dominated mixed forest w...

Urmia Lake has been designated as an international park by the United Nations. The lake occupies a 5700 km2 depression in northwestern Iran. Thirteen permanent rivers flow into the lake. Water level in the lake has been decreased 3.5 m in the last decade due to a shortage of precipitation and progressively dry climate. Geologically the lake basin is considered to be a graben of tectonic origin....

Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are an invasive species that have been implicated in the reduction of algae stocks in the near-shore environment of western Lake Erie. To determine their basin-wide effects, we applied a twodimensional hydrodynamic and water-quality model for 1994. The model accurately reproduced lake-wide hydrodynamics and water quality. When modeled as true benthic organis...

A widely recommended strategy to minimize mosquito production in structural stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) is to ensure they hold captured water for no more than 72 h. However, this standard may be overly conservative for many mosquito species found in urban environments and may impede or prevent the capacity of BMPs to fulfill more stringent water quality standards in environmenta...

introduction in spite of its short time period compared with the earth long evolution history, quaternary has had a significant effect on the final formation of the landforms and vital resources. it is the final analysis of these levels and fully dependent on the earth genetic diseases and, above all, significant climate changes that have happened during this period. gavkhouni basin morphologic...

glasswort(salicornia europaea l.) as an important halophyte plant is capable to accumulate nacl in aboveground part (fully edible) in considerable quantity. to evaluate the effect of irrigation levels and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of seed and oil, and also harvest index of glasswort, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications a...

The four large Swedish lakes Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren and Hjälmaren differ in many respects, not least in drainage area characteristics and basin morphometry (1). The differences also include water quality. Since nutrient chemistry of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the lakes is of major concern, it has been treated by several authors (2–13). The hydrochemical studies started in 1964 and in ...