BACKGROUND To make lignocellulosic fuel ethanol economically competitive with fossil fuels, it is necessary to reduce the production cost. One way to achieve this is by increasing the substrate concentration in the production process, and thus reduce the energy demand in the final distillation of the fermentation broth. However, increased substrate concentration in simultaneous saccharification...

Rapid growth of Internet spawns many group oriented multicast applications like Internet pay TV, news dissemination and stock quote system. The fortes of these applications are the support of dynamic, scalable group membership and group members are geographically divergent. As members of the group move in and out, an imperative cryptographic rekeying model should be applied to preserve the conf...

Batch processes take an important place in process industries. A batch process involves a sequence of operations that are carried out on a discrete quantity of material within a piece of operating equipment. A recipe specifies the sequence of operations to be executed and all possible ways the plant can by utilized in order to produce the desired product. A discrete supervisor can be used to co...

Batch service is a kind of specific stochastic service system which has broad application background. However, in practical, batch service exists commonly as one or several steps in a production or business process. Workflow management system (WfMS) is a powerful tool to support business processes modeling and execution. It has gained extensive attention from both industry and academic domain. ...