In process automation batch processes play a dominant role. With ISA SP88 and its IEC standard equivalent IEC 61512, there is a standard available covering the description of batch processes and plants over several hierarchical layers. For the instrumentation and automation components in all industrial systems there is a trend towards distributed solutions. The function block oriented IEC 61499...

We study a simple network with two parallel batch service queues, where service at a queue commences when the batch is full and each queue is served by infinitely many servers. A stream of general arrivals observe the current state of the system on arrival and choose which queue to join to minimize their own expected transit time. We show that for each set of parameter values there exists a uni...

The Asynchronous t-Step Approximation for Scheduling Batch Flow Systems David R. Grimsman Department of Computer Science, BYU Master of Science Heap models in the max-plus algebra are interesting dynamical systems that can be used to model a variety of tetris-like systems, such as batch flow shops for manufacturing models. Each heap in the model can be identified with a single product to manufa...

A batch-fabricated three-dimensional coaxial microelectronic interconnection and peckaging technique has been developed that is particularly suited to semiconductor chips of all complexities, ranging from single-junction devices to large-scale integrated circuit devices. The interconnections are coaxial in three dimensions, are formed by electrochemically sculpturing copper planes, and are asse...

BACKGROUND Production of chemicals from engineered organisms in a batch culture involves an inherent trade-off between productivity, yield, and titer. Existing strategies for strain design typically focus on designing mutations that achieve the highest yield possible while maintaining growth viability. While these methods are computationally tractable, an optimum productivity could be achieved ...

This paper presents the different processing steps of a new generic surface micromachining module for MEMS hermetic packaging at temperatures around 180°C based on nickel plating and photoresist sacrificial layers. The advantages of thin film caps are the reduced thickness and area consumption and the promise of being a lowcost batch process. Moreover, sealing happens by a reflow technique, giv...

An electromagnetic energy harvester with integrated CoNiMnP permanent magnet array is designed, fabricated and tested. Mechanical and magnetic simulations are performed to investigate the vibration characteristics and magnetic field distribution. The size and shape of the device are also optimized. CoNiMnP permanent magnet array is fabricated using electroplating technology instead of manually ...

Nowadays, the production of 3D MEMS and MOEMS is carried out by using hybrid integration of single components, for which batch production is normally preferred. In this field, adhesive technology is one of the major joining techniques. At the Collaboration Research Center 516, a batch process based on a joining technique which uses hot melt adhesives was developed. This technique allows the coa...

tem point of view, was 1950. On the earliest digital computers, each user’s job ran separately and had exclusive use of the computer for the duration of the program. The program communicated with I/O devices and managed other resources without assistance. When the program completed, an operator halted the computer and manually prepared the next job. The mid1950s saw the dawn of batch processing...