Controlled release drug delivery systems provide uniform concentration of drug to the absorption site and thus allow the maintenance of plasma concentration within the therapeutic range which minimizes not only the side effects but also the frequency of administration. Oral Sustained release (SR) products provide an advantage over conventional dosage forms by optimizing properties of drugs in s...

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology seeking to exploit distinct technological advances of controlling the structure of materials at a reduced dimensional scale approaching individual molecules and their organised aggregates or supramolecular structures. These technological innovations, referred to as nanomedicines by the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA), have the potential...

The buccal mucosa lines the inner cheek, and buccal formulations are placed in the mouth between the upper gingivae (gums) and cheek to treat local and systemic conditions. The buccal route provides one of the potential route for typically large, hydrophilic and unstable proteins, oligonucleotides and polysaccharides, as well as conventional small drug molecules. The oral cavity has been used a...

To meet the quality, affordability, and access challenges of today's health care system, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Crossing the Quality Chasm report described the critical competencies of a twenty-first-century health care system. A growing body of research suggests that the nation's multispecialty group practices most nearly meet the delivery system challenges set forth by the IOM. A...