BACKGROUND For bedridden patients unable to perform personal hygiene measures because of acute illness or chronic debilitation, the bed bath, with either the traditional basin or, more recently, disposable baths, has long been a measure for improving hygiene and costs. OBJECTIVE To compare the traditional basin bed bath with a prepackaged disposable bed bath in terms of 4 outcomes: time and q...

A tractable production-externality-based circular city model in which both firms and workers choose location as well as intensity of land use is presented. The equilibrium structure of the city has either (i) no commuting (“mixed-use” form) or (ii) a central business district (CBD) of positive radius and a surrounding residential ring. Regardless of which form prevails, the intra-city variation...

the outcome and proper management of fetal hydronephrosis have not been completely defined. the purpose of this study was to determine incidence and outcome of infants with a history of prenatal hydronephrosis diagnosed by ultrasound. in a three-year period from 2000 to 2003 we identified 211 cases (271 renal units) of fetal hydronephrosis in which renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter was more...

in 1987 decided to produce an edited version of the minutes of the society from its inception in 1908. The result is a narrative that is surprisingly readable and records faithfully what the medical fraternity in Bath were thinking and writing papers about, the clinical cases they presented and how they conducted their affairs. The book which runs to 248 pages was obviously a labour of love for...

We demonstrate that a finite bath fluctuation theorem of the Crooks type holds for systems that have been thermalized via weakly coupling them to a bath with energy independent finite specific heat. We show that this theorem reduces to the known canonical and microcanonical fluctuation theorems in the two respective limiting cases of infinite and vanishing specific heat of the bath. The result ...

Over the past few decades, the propagation of acoustic signals through the human body has found application in medical imaging as well as the treatment of various ailments. Also, many new applications are being continually developed. As the demand for medical ultrasonic devices increases, so does the demand for reliable methods of characterizing the pressure output of the ultrasound transducers...

t is possible to extract work from a quantum-mechanical system whose dynamics is governed by a time-dependent cyclic Hamiltonian. An energy bath is required to operate such a quantum engine in place of the heat bath used to run a conventional classical thermodynamic heat engine. The effect of the energy bath is to maintain the expectation value of the system Hamiltonian during an isoenergetic p...