This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), Conductive Charging (CC) then presented. is followed by discussion standards l...

Due to its high short-term variability, solar-photovoltaic power in isolated industrial grids faces a challenge of grid reliability. Storage systems can provide support but come at cost that requires carefully evaluating capacity needs. Battery sizing methodologies are now the focus many studies, with global upward trend detailed modelling and complex optimization. However, although solar varia...

Looking at the distribution of the costs of IT, the largest part of the budget is allocated to maintenance and enhancement projects. New development comprises between 30 to 50% of IT costs. Functional size measurement methods are mostly used for new development only. With some extensions to common size measurement methods like Function Point Analysis and COSMIC Full Function Point one can tackl...

Software size is the fundamental metric for project planning. Effort and duration are calculated based on the size estimate. However, for a given software size, the actual development effort could be significantly different. The question is whether the increase in effort is due to the low productivity of the development team or higher product quality. While higher product quality is highly desi...

The measurement of the functional size of applications generated in MDA environments is a challenge for the software development industry. This paper presents the OO-Method COSMIC Function Points (OOmCFP), a measurement procedure that has been designed to measure the functional size of object-oriented applications generated from their conceptual models by means of model transformations.

Battery energy storage system (BESS) will play important roles in the operation of future power systems integrated with high penetration renewable sources. In this work, battery is equipped a frequency controller to provide additional inertia support network made wind and conventional Several scenarios such as magnitude imbalance, transmission line length, variation level, sizing, varying grid ...

Bangladesh is a land of rivers, canals, and lakes where water transportation an essential means transport. The country use boats as one the leading resources carrier in its widespread inland waterways. Most currently used only diesel for fuel. Appropriate renewable energy sources, particularly solar with generators, could reduce consumption. In this paper, typical boat requirement was calculate...

This article proposes a synergistic approach that traverses the battery optimal size simultaneously against power management based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). A fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FC-HEV) with FC/battery powertrain is used as study case. The plays key role in current transportation electrification, and sizing of critical for both system technical performances economica...

Design of the Electric Vehicle (EV) battery pack involves different requirements related to driving range, acceleration, fast-charging, lifetime, weight, volume, etc. Therefore, sizing EV necessitates a multi-objective optimization study achieve right trade-off considering aforementioned factors. This “trade-off” can vary depending on type and size EV, as well use cases. In this regard, nice so...

Iran has several potential for using renewable energies, so use them could significantly contribute to energy supply. The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential of the country and select the appropriate DG technologies with consideration the potential and primary energy resources in the regions. In this context, hybrid energy systems proportionate with the potential of different reg...