Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is rapidly becoming an important method for the fabrication of both prototype and production metal parts. However, the technology is really just in its infancy, and significant work still needs to be done in the development of new materials and in understanding how various process parameters affect results. In particular, LAM methods typically have a relativel...

We present a detailed study of chemical freeze-out in p-p, C-C, Si-Si and Pb-Pb collisions at beam momenta of 158A GeV as well as Pb-Pb collisions at beam momenta of 20A, 30A, 40A and 80A GeV. By analyzing hadronic multiplicities within the statistical hadronization model, we have studied the parameters of the source as a function of the number of the participating nucleons and the beam energy....

Crab cavities were installed in KEKB in 2007. The function of the cavity is to tilt the bunch of the beam in the longitudinal direction. But if the RF phase gets out of control, the cavity kicks the beam like a steering magnet. To avoid this unwanted kick, the RF phase must be controlled well. In the beam operation, some disturbances may occur such as a discharge, a quench, etc. When such distu...

Non–invasive, highly accurate and reliable beam monitors are a desired aim of any beam diagnostics design. Knowledge of beam parameters is essential in fundamental research, industrial or medical applications with varying demands. It’s also extremely critical in the optimization of ion beams used for cancer treatment. Ocular tumour treatment at the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre (CCC) uses a 60 Me...

A new numerical method for approximating highly oscillatory wave fields as a superposition of Gaussian beams is presented. The method estimates the number of beams and their parameters automatically. This is achieved by an expectation-maximization algorithm that fits real, positive Gaussians to the energy of the highly oscillatory wave fields and its Fourier transform. Beam parameters are furth...

Simple eigenvalue tests are given to ascertain that a given real 4X 4 matrix transforms the four-vector of Stokes parameters of a beam of light into the four-vector of Stokes parameters of another beam of light, and to determine whether a given 4X4 matrix is a weighted sum of pure Mueller matrices. The latter result is derived for matrices satisfying a certain symmetry condition. To derive thes...