abstract morphological river models are designed to provide physical insight into the morphological response and to assist river engineers and managers in the design, operation and maintenance of river systems. here deterministic modeling weak for a dynamic and stochastic of nature river environment. specially, these could not predict the exact shape of the river bed, specially e.g. for braided...

Local scouring around bridge piers is a natural phenomenon caused by the erosive process of flowing stream on alluvial beds. The 3D flow field around bridge piers interacting with the bed materials increases complexity of local scour process. The local scour depth develops in accelerated flows and if it is not predicted correctly, the bottom level of local scour hole will exceed the original le...

The drops are used to control the descents,  stabilize the bed level, and control the upstream water level in sloping channels with less slope than the ground slope. The current study presents a numerical analysis of hydraulic characteristics in the vertical drop using computational fluid dynamics. At first, the laboratory models were used for verification and choosing the best model of turbule...

Salmonid embryos depend on the adequate flow of oxygenated water to survive and interstitial passageways to emerge from the gravel bed. Spawning gravels are initially cleaned by the spawning female, but sediment transported during subsequent high-runoff events can nfiltrate the porous substrate. In many gravel-bed channels used for spawning, most of the infiltrating sediment consists of sand an...

The objectives of this study are: 1) to capture the existing condition river channel in Sangatta River estuary, including bathymetry bed, and cross-sectional dimensions river, 2) design a stable navigation estuary that allows less maintenance dredging improves navigability during critical when water level is at lowest, 3) test effectiveness cross section term availability navigable depth. This ...

OBJECTIVES To describe individual BF responses in a nursing home resident population for one-hour periods of bed rest. METHODS BF was measured for one hour over the sacrum in 0° supine position and 30° supine tilt position in 25 individuals aged 65 y or older while lying on a pressure-redistributing mattress. Measurements were made at three tissue depths (1, 2, and 10 mm) using the noninvasiv...

Floods, tides and tsunamis are turbulent, yet conventional models are based upon depth averaging inviscid irrotational flow equations. We propose to change the base of such modelling to the Smagorinksi large eddy closure for turbulence in order to appropriately match the underlying fluid dynamics. Our approach allows for large changes in fluid depth to cater for extreme inundations. The key to ...