We present a novel application of the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm to solve the non-unicost Set Covering Problem. The Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is a recent Swarm Metaheuristic technique based on the intelligent foraging behavior of honey bees. We present a 2-level metaheuristic approach where an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm acts as a low-level metaheuristic and its paremeters are se...

Nucleotide sequence analyses were used to identify acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and Kashmir bee virus (KBV) isolated from a single honey bee colony. Most of the bees in this colony carried KBV. Some individual bees also carried ABPV, a coexistence not yet seen between these two viruses. Implications of coinfection on viral efficacy are discussed, along with a restriction enzyme assay that c...

This paper proposes a novel application of Grammatical Bee Colony for classification of medical data. Grammatical Bee Colony is a Swarm Programming algorithm generally used for automatic computer program generation in any arbitrary language. In this paper, Grammatical Bee Colony based classifier is designed and applied in medical data mining. The proposed method is applied on ten medical data s...

BACKGROUND Here we present preliminary results from the first three years of a long-term bee survey conducted at a 3,840-ha private conservation property in the northern Sapphire Mountains and Bitterroot River Valley, and a pilot study at an associated 80-ha property in the Swan River Valley, Missoula County, Montana, USA. The survey includes hand-net, bowl-trap, and blue-vane trap collections....

One of the most commonly seeded crops in Canada is canola, a cultivar of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). As a mass-flowering crop grown intensively throughout the Canadian Prairies, canola has the potential to influence pollinator success across tens of thousands of square kilometers of cropland. Bumble bees (Bombus sp.) are efficient pollinators of many types of native and crop plants. We measu...

Honey bees are important pollinators of agricultural crops. Pathogens and other factors have been implicated in high annual losses of honey bee colonies in North America and some European countries. To further investigate the relationship between multiple factors, including pathogen prevalence and abundance and colony health, we monitored commercially managed migratory honey bee colonies involv...

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of both acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture as adjuvant therapies for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. We recruited 43 adults with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who had been on a stable dose of antiparkinsonian medication for at least 1 month. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: acupuncture, bee venom acupuncture, or control. All partici...

Background: The stingless bee is a natural type of bee that exists in almost every continent. The honey produced by this bee has been widely used across time and space. The distinctive feature of this honey is that it is stored naturally in the pot (cerumen), thus contributing to its beneficial properties, especially in the wound healing process. Methods: In this article, several studies on sti...

Climate change will cause geographic range shifts for pollinators and major crops, with global implications for food security and rural livelihoods. However, little is known about the potential for coupled impacts of climate change on pollinators and crops. Coffee production exemplifies this issue, because large losses in areas suitable for coffee production have been projected due to climate c...

X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the thermal stability of highly supersaturated nanocrystalline Fe,Cul,-, alloys (10~~~95) synthesized by mechanical alloying. Alloys with x < 60 exhibit single-phase fee structure while single-phase bee alloys form for x > 80. For 6O<x<80 fee and bee phases coexist. Heating to elevated ...