In many species, chemical compounds emitted by conspecifics exert profound effects on reproductive physiology and sexual behavior. This is particularly true in the mouse, where such cues advance and delay puberty, suppress and facilitate estrous cycles, and cause the early termination of pregnancy. They also facilitate sexual behavior and inform mate selection. The mouse has a rich and complex ...

Behavioral manifestations of drug-seeking behavior are causally linked to alterations of synaptic strength onto nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSN). Although neuron-driven changes in physiology and behavior are well characterized, there is a lack of knowledge of the role of the immune system in mediating such effects. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition molecule ...

Human population growth and its associated effects on the environment contribute to rapid decrease of biodiversity worldwide. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an anthropogenic pollutant that increasing with spread urbanization may declines. ALAN alters migration patterns birds, communication in frogs, impacts reproduction, behavior, physiology multiple other taxa. However, most studies are b...