With the large-scale construction and rapid development of underground engineering, a large number of underground engineering construction, such as tunnel and subway emerged. The geological structure of the tunnel is complex and the roc is fragmented. The electromagnetic tomography is a new geophysical technique in the tunnel. This method has advantages such as high resolution, high reliability...

The rapid growth in mobile traffic leads to the current evolution trend of mobile networks towards a flat architecture. However, the centralized mobility management protocols (e.g. MIPv6, PMIPv6) are not optimized for the flat architecture due to their limitations e.g. complex tunnel management, scalability issue, etc. Hence, a novel mobility management has been proposed for the flat architectu...

Urban road tunnels provide an increasingly cost-effective engineering solution, especially in compact cities like Singapore. For some urban road tunnels, tunnel characteristics such as tunnel configurations, geometries, provisions of tunnel electrical and mechanical systems, traffic volumes, etc. may vary from one section to another. These urban road tunnels that have characterized nonuniform p...

Bone tunnel enlargement following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can complicate revision surgery. This study compared postoperative tibial tunnel widening in patients who underwent arthroscopically assisted, single-incision, four-strand hamstring ACL reconstruction using a poly-L-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite blend (PLLA+HA) bioabsorbable interference screw for tibial fixation, wi...

The median artery is the main source of blood for the forearm in intrauterine life. During the process of development the median artery gets obliterated and supplies the median nerve. Variation of persistent median artery and its accompanying with the median nerve in the carpal tunnel is one of the important anatomic variations of the upper limb. Thrombosis of the artery inside the carpal tunne...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the carpal tunnel syndrome seems to occur more frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus and might be associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus, microvascular complications and degree of glycaemic control. Primary aim was to determine if type 2 diabetes can be identified as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome after adjusting for possi...

This study evaluated and compared the intraoperative stabilities using the low and high femoral tunnel techniques in ACL reconstruction. Seventy patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were equally allocated to low or high femoral tunnel groups (35 in the low femoral tunnel group and 35 in the high femoral tunnel group) for this study. The authors compared intraoperative anterior, internal ro...

In general, people who perform repetitive motions are often vulnerable to repetitive strain injuries. Because musicians must execute the same motion over and over again while practicing and performing their music, they are an example of a group that often develops these repetitive strain injuries. More specifically, musicians are known for developing neuropathies in their upper limbs, with carp...

Orientation by an animal inhabiting an underground environment must be extremely efficient if it is to contend effectively with the high energetic costs of excavating soil for a tunnel system. We examined, in the field, the ability of a fossorial rodent, the blind mole-rat, Spalax ehrenbergi, to detour different types of obstacles blocking its tunnel and rejoin the disconnected tunnel section. ...

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to identify the femoral tunnel orientation that consistently results in a tunnel length of more than 35 mm in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from 30 patients who did not have any pathology in the distal femur. Virtual tunnels were marked on 3D (3-dimensional) reconstructed CT im...