ganisms which are continually present in the water, soil, and air. Most bacteria are beneficial (e.g., they help digest foods and break down ammonia, nitrite, and organic debris in the environment). There are a number of different bacteria that cause disease in cultured freshwater food fish such as catfish, salmon, and trout. In aquaculture, many bacterial diseases of fish can be successfully t...

Most Caenorhabditis elegans studies have used laboratory Escherichia coli as diet and microbial environment. Here we characterize bacteria of C. elegans' natural habitats of rotting fruits and vegetation to provide greater context for its physiological responses. By the use of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-based sequencing, we identified a large variety of bacteria in C. elegans habitats, with phyla...

Take a moment to consider that there are ten times more bacteria present in the human gut than there are human cells in the body. Surprising and shocking as this may be, it should also occur to you that such vast numbers of bacteria are not there just by chance. In fact, these populations play numerous vital roles in our health and daily functioning. There are at least 100 trillion bacterial ce...

Probiotics are live microorganisms (e.g., bacteria) that are either the same as or similar to microorganisms found naturally in the human body and may be beneficial to health. Often referred to as “good bacteria” or “helpful bacteria,” probiotics are available in various forms of suppliments or other delivery systems. There is a constantdebate regarding the effectiveness of probiotics in todays...

Coral microbial ecology is the study of the relationship of coral-associated microorganisms to each other, the coral host, and to their environment. Just as we humans have beneficial bacteria living on our skin and in our intestines, corals also have co-habitating non-pathogenic (not disease-causing) microbes. These microbes include bacteria, archaea, and fungi– representing all three of the ma...

The development of resistance to a range of antibiotics by some important pathogens has raised the possibility of a return of humans to the pre-antibiotic dark ages. Time has come to shift the paradigm of treatment from specific bacteria elimination to altering bacterial ecology by probiotics. Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeasts. They help in ...

The human gut is one of the most complex ecosystems, composed of 1013-1014 microorganisms which play an important role in human health. In addition, some food products contain live bacteria which transit through our gastrointestinal tract and could exert beneficial effects on our health (known as probiotic effect). Among the numerous proposed health benefits attributed to commensal and probioti...

Many endophytes have beneficial effects on plants and can be exploited in biotechnological applications. Studies hypothesize that only 0.001-1% of all plant-associated bacteria are cultivable. Moreover, even after successful isolations, many endophytic bacteria often show reduced regrowth capacity. This research aimed to optimize isolation processes and culturing these bacteria afterwards. We c...

abstract         background and objective: lactic acid bacteria are gram-positive, catalase-negative, nonsporulating, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that have beneficial effects on their hosts by producing antimicrobial substances such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins and biosurfactants. bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria and can inhibit ...

Bacteria used to ferment milk to obtain yogurt belong to thermophilic, bile-sensitive species of lactic acid bacteria, which are not ideally suited for survival into the human gut. However, assessing the viability of these bacteria through the digestive tract may be relevant to evaluate their potential to deliver some beneficial effects for the well-being of the consumer. The well-known reducti...