Little is known regarding the covariance between physiological and nonverbal responses to ‘‘stressful’’ situations. We argue that physiological markers are especially likely to be accompanied by psychologically-meaningful nonverbal behavior. Within ‘‘stressful’’ motivated performance situations, complex patterns of cardiovascular (CV) reactivity mark challenge and threat motivational states rel...

OBJECTIVE The study goal was to determine the impact of various surgical procedures for bilateral vocal cord paralysis in children by using established principles of meta-analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a retrospective review of the literature in which a predetermined protocol was used to identify articles for meta-analysis. Six articles met inclusion criteria, and pertinent d...

This paper has been written to draw attention to the association between intramuscular injections and flaccid paralysis of one limb. Seventeen affected children have been examined and followed up personally. The records of a further 60 to 70 cases have been available and have been used to provide information not clearly brought out in the shorter series. Cases in which injection preceded paraly...

We evaluated the effects of a training package, including instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback, for training staff members to conduct mand training with children. Experimenters collected data on staff performance on each step of a task analysis of mand training and on unprompted child vocal mands. Training resulted in increases in staff performance in mand training and in unprompted ...

Studies of gestural communication systems find that they originate from spontaneously created iconic gestures. Yet, we know little about how people create vocal communication systems, and many have suggested that vocalizations do not afford iconicity beyond trivial instances of onomatopoeia. It is unknown whether people can generate vocal communication systems through a process of iconic creati...

The Paridae family (chickadees, tits and titmice) is an interesting avian group in that species vary in important aspects of their social structure and many species have large and complex vocal repertoires. For this reason, parids represent an important set of species for testing the social complexity hypothesis for vocal communication--the notion that as groups increase in social complexity, t...