MOTIVATION Metabolic engineering aims at modulating the capabilities of metabolic networks by changing the activity of biochemical reactions. The existing constraint-based approaches for metabolic engineering have proven useful, but are limited only to reactions catalogued in various pathway databases. RESULTS We consider the alternative of designing synthetic strategies which can be used not...

This paper addresses methods of knowledge engineering for chemical and biochemical process modelling and control. The concept of Knowledge Based Modular (KBM) Networks is presented. KBM networks represent a method of expressing and combining different types of knowledge, usually available for modelling chemical and biochemical processes: mechanistic, heuristic and knowledge hidden in process da...

A tremendous increase in the use of genetically engineered mice as experimental animals has led to increased scrutiny of mouse models generally and mouse behavioral paradigms specifically. Although mice are nocturnal, for practical reasons, most experimental procedures, including behavioral studies, are conducted during their inactive, sleep phase. Accumulating evidence indicates that myriad be...

Hydrogels are used for various biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, capacity mimic the extracellular matrix, and ability encapsulate deliver cells therapeutics. However, traditional hydrogels have a few shortcomings, especially regarding physical properties, thereby limiting broad applicability. Recently, researchers investigated incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into impro...

Surface spraying, horizontal trenches, and vertical wells are the most common leachate recirculation system used at landfills in engineering practice. In order to quantify efficiency of three aforementioned systems, a hydro–biochem–mechanical-coupled model was developed present work, which can describe hydrodynamic biochemical behaviors food-waste-rich landfills. A typical landfill cell modeled...

Molecular programming allows for the bottom-up engineering of biochemical reaction networks in a controlled in vitro setting. These engineered biochemical reaction networks yield important insight in the design principles of biological systems and can potentially enrich molecular diagnostic systems. The DNA polymerase-nickase-exonuclease (PEN) toolbox has recently been used to program oscillato...

Synthetic Biology is an emerging discipline that enjoys rapidly increasing popularity. However, there is no widely accepted definition for the term Synthetic Biology, because the field of Synthetic Biology is multifaceted and rapidly moving. As viewed from its underlying principle, Synthetic Biology can be defined as the " application of engineering principles to biological systems. " It reache...

Tissue engineering refers to the attempt create functional human tissue from cells in a laboratory. This is field that uses living cells, biocompatible materials, suitable biochemical and physical factors, their combinations tissue-like structures. To date, no engineered skeletal muscle implants have been developed for clinical use, but they may represent valid alternative treatment of volumetr...

As this review was prepared specifically for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers H.R. Lissner Medal, it primarily discusses work toward cartilage regeneration performed in Dr. Kyriacos A. Athanasiou's laboratory over the past 25 years. The prevalence and severity of degeneration of articular cartilage, a tissue whose main function is largely biomechanical, have motivated the developmen...

Advances in the field of bone tissue engineering have encouraged physicians to introduce these techniques into clinical practice. Bone tissue engineering is the construction, repair or replacement of damaged or missing bone in humans or animals. Engineering of bone can take place within the animal body or extracorporal in a bioreactor for later grafting into the body. Appropriate cell types and...