patieiits. Quantitative delineation of such patterns would be of potential diagnostic value and might provide insight imlto biochemical processes occurring inthusdisease.We have demonstrated imicreases in haptoglobin (1) and fibrinogen (2) concentrations,as well as totalserum proteins and protein-boummd carbohydrates (i). The findings on elevated fibrinogen levelshave been followed with a study...

The discovery and use of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized cellular biology. Despite the widespread use of visible fluorescent proteins as reporters and sensors in cellular environments the versatile photophysics of fluorescent proteins is still subject to intense research. Understanding the details of the photophysics of these reporters is essential for accurate interpretation of the bio...

Genes and proteins regulate cellular functions through complex circuits of biochemical reactions. Fluctuations in the components of these regulatory networks result in noise that invariably corrupts the signal, possibly compromising function. Here, we create a practical formalism based on ideas introduced by Wiener and Kolmogorov (WK) for filtering noise in engineered communications systems to ...

Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance allows for noninvasive measurements of biochemical reactions in vivo. Although this technique provides a unique tool for assaying enzymatic activities in intact organs, the scope of its application is still elusive for the wider scientific community. The purpose of this review is to provide key principles and parameters to guide the researcher interested in ado...

We develop tools from computational algebraic geometry for the study of steady state features of autonomous polynomial dynamical systems via elimination of variables. In particular, we obtain nontrivial bounds for the steady state concentration of a given species in biochemical reaction networks with mass-action kinetics. This species is understood as the output of the network and we thus bound...

Direct Response Analysis is a general computational tool for quantifying direct functional interactions between components in cellular signalling systems from experimental perturbations and measurements alone. This paper aims to reveal the biological meaning of the direct response coefficients obtained upon applying DRA to simple Michaelis-Menten type proteomic and gene regulatory systems. Thes...

From a practical viewpoint, clinical bacteriology can be subdivided into three main activities. First and foremost is detection, isolation, and identification of pathogens. This is usually achieved by culture of specimens on specific media in defined conditions, accompanied by microscopy and tests of biochemical activity of an isolate. Second is the determination of antibiotic susceptibility, a...

Models for chemical reaction kinetics typically assume well-mixed conditions, in which chemical compositions change in time but are uniform in space. In contrast, many biological and microfluidic systems of interest involve non-uniform flows where gradients in flow velocity dynamically alter the effective reaction volume. Here, we present a theoretical framework for characterizing multi-step re...

Biochemical reactions in living systems occur in complex, heterogeneous media with total concentrations of macromolecules in the range of 50 - 400 mgml. Molecular species occupy a significant fraction of the immersing medium, up to 40% of volume. Such complex and volume-occupied environments are generally termed 'crowded' and/or 'confined'. In crowded conditions non-specific interactions betwee...