The first meniscal repair was described by Annandale in 1885. In addition to the patients’ reported 1-month stay in the hospital, many other changes have occurred in the techniques of meniscal repair since that time. Most repairs are performed rthroscopically, with a variety of suture techniques ranging from inside-out, outsiden, to all-inside. Regardless of the technique utilized, vertical sut...

Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood primary CNS tumor, and treatment approaches have evolved over the past three decades. The biologic underpinnings of medulloblastoma are not fully characterized, but recent work has identified new, important directions for research. Stratification of patients with medulloblastoma into risk groups is the backbone of most ongoing therapeutic studies. Pa...

This consensus document reviews the evidence on the evaluation of biological drugs. The main conclusions of the group are: a) the current evidence on biological comparisons is based on indirect comparisons and is generally unreliable and with important methodological limitations. Therefore, b) it is considered necessary to amend the regulatory directives in the sense of strongly favoring random...

This small volume consists essentially of six review articles and one essay. The first article, by Alvin I. Kosak, deals with the chemistry of tobacco smoke. This is a well-written and carefully documented section which emphasizes the need for more uniformity in experimental methods in the field and indicates a lack of knowledge in the important phase of aerosol retention. The chapter on pharma...

Abstract Background Mucosal healing (MH) is considered an important treatment target for patients (pts) with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD). The aim of this analysis was evaluate rates MH achieved during vedolizumab (VDZ) or other biologics in pts CD who underwent endoscopic assessments routine clinical practice a long-term observational study across number multinational centres. Metho...

Background: With a growing number of psoriasis treatments options, making a decision can be daunting to patients. Biologics offer a less toxic and more effective alternative to people who have moderate-to-severe psoriasis, particularly those who have tried and failed other therapies. Objective: To provide a patient-centered approach to the decision to start on biologic treatment of psoriasis wi...

INTRODUCTION Appropriate medical treatment can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies have shown that older patients with RA may be treated less aggressively than their younger counterparts, despite evidence suggesting that biologic treatments may be safe and efficacious in older age groups. The aim of this study was to assess whether patient age w...

BACKGROUND The relative cost of biologics in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, and ankylosing spondylitis, is a key consideration for managed care payers. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to estimate biologic costs and treatment patterns in US managed care patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, and/o...

OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to describe patients starting first-line biologics for JIA, to describe characteristics over time among patients starting etanercept, and to describe patterns of second biologic prescribing. METHODS The British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology Etanercept Cohort Study, and the Biologics for Children with Rheumatic Diseases study are...

Since the introduction of biologics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriasis (Pso) an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation in patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been recorded for anti-TNF agents, while a low or absent risk is associated with the non-anti-TNF targeted biologics. To reduce...