BACKGROUND AND AIMS Simulations that integrate sub-models of important biological processes can be used to ask questions about optimal management strategies in agricultural and ecological systems. Building sub-models with more detail and aiming for greater accuracy and realism may seem attractive, but is likely to be more expensive and time-consuming and result in more complicated models that l...

The Bicoid-based anterior patterning system of Drosophila embryogenesis appears to be unique to higher dipterans. A new study suggests how this may have evolved out of an alternative mechanism based on cooperating Orthodenticle and Hunchback proteins, the two mechanisms intersecting at the level of downstream target genes.

Herein we explore facile synthesis of 4-(3H)-Qunazolinone derivatives, achieved by the cyclocondensation of anthranilic acid, aromatic amines and triethyl orthoformate in presence of thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) as a catalyst, using grinding method. This protocol offers several advantages such as reusability of catalyst, excellent yield, shorter reaction time and economic availability.Qu...

We argue that incumbents may be in a position to adapt to radical technological change via interfirm cooperation with new entrants when the incumbents have complementary assets within their firm boundaries that are critical to commercializing the new technology. We study 889 strategic alliances of pharmaceutical companies with new biotechnology firms. We find that an incumbent’s alliances with ...

*Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 347, Boulder, Colorado 80309; †Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98296; ‡Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; §Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor C...

Technological change can be understood in terms of technological evolution. Because of this evolutionary aspect, a number of scholars have made analogies between technological innovation and biological evolution (Ziman, 2000). As technological advancement has played a crucial role in industrial development, almost every nation is concerned with monitoring technological change. Technology polici...

The role of biomarkers in drug discovery and development has gained precedence over the years. As biomarkers become integrated into drug development and clinical trials, quality assurance and, in particular, assay validation become essential with the need to establish standardized guidelines for analytic methods used in biomarker measurements. New biomarkers can revolutionize both the developme...

T paper builds on Granovetter’s distinction between strong and weak ties [Granovetter, M. S. 1973. The strength of weak ties. Amer. J. Sociol. 78(6) 1360–1380] in order to respond to recent calls for a more dynamic and processual understanding of networks. The concepts of potential and latent tie are deductively identified, and their implications for understanding how and why networks emerge, e...