Mass balance performance data from side by side studies of planted and unplanted gravel-bed treatment wetlands with horizontal subsurface-flow are compared. Planted systems showed enhanced nitrogen and initial phosphorus removal, but only small improvements in disinfection, BOD, COD and suspended solids removal. Direct nutrient uptake by plants was insufficient to account for more than a fracti...

Background & objectives: Pharmaceutical wastewater contains high concentrations of organic matter, high salt and difficult biodegradability, so it must be treated before discharge to the environment. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater (methadone feedstock and neutralized capecitabine) using chemical and biological methods. Methods: The laboratory ...

In this study, a new-generation subsurface upflow wetland (SUW) system packed with the unique sorption media was introduced for nutrient removal. To explore the interface between hydraulic and environmental performance, a tracer study was carried out in concert with a transport model to collectively provide hydraulic retention time (7.1 days) and compelling evidence of pollutant fate and transp...

The removal performance of total poly phenols and orthodiphenols (o-diphenols) content in olive mill waste (OMW) was investigated with a three stages cross flow laboratory scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) in the present study. Due to high COD and other pollutant in the original OMW, physico-chemical treatment was effected for COD and other pollutant reduction prior to biological tr...

Mongolia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Amar Str-3, ‘‘Internom’’ Bookstore Building, 3rd Floor, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (BB, AEF) Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia (BB, BL) Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA (BB, TKF) United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife ...

The aim of the research is to improve composition cold BNR (bitumen-nairite rubber) by improving technical properties, technology anti-filtration and anti-corrosion materials using at repair hydraulic structures, as well development a method for predicting state reliability structures with sealing protective coating.

Settlement ponds are used to treat aquaculture discharge water by removing nutrients through physical (settling) and biological (microbial transformation) processes. Nutrient removal through settling has been quantified, however, the occurrence of, and potential for microbial nitrogen (N) removal is largely unknown in these systems. Therefore, isotope tracer techniques were used to measure pote...

High nutrient inputs and eutrophication continue to be one of the highest priority water quality problems. Bioretention is a low-impact development technology that has been advocated for use in urban and other developed areas. This work provides an in-depth analysis on removal of nutrients from a synthetic stormwater runoff by bioretention. Results have indicated good removal of phosphorus (70 ...

BACKGROUND Many studies have found a substantial minority of patients whose performance puts them within the normal range of neuropsychological functioning. Recently, a study has seen the delineation of two neurocognitive subtypes of schizophrenia -'cognitively normal range' (CNR) and 'below normal range' (BNR) - based on neurocognitive performance across multiple domains. METHODS The partici...

We present in this paper a uni ed processing for Real, Integer and Boolean Constraints based on a general narrowing algorithm which applies to any n-ary relation on <. The basic idea is to de ne, for every such relation , a narrowing function ! based on the approximation of by a Cartesian product of intervals whose bounds are oating point numbers. We then focus on non-convex relations and estab...