Human noroviruses (NoV) were quantified and characterized in an 18 month survey conducted along the Llobregat river catchment in Spain. Sample types included freshwater, untreated and treated wastewater and drinking water. High NoV genome copy numbers were reported, reaching up to 10(6)  l(-1) and 10(9)  l(-1) in freshwater and raw sewage respectively. In both types of samples, GII NoV genome...

Eight different sewage treatment works were sampled in the North West of England. The effectiveness of the conventional treatment processes (primary sedimentation and biological trickling filters) as well as various tertiary treatment units in terms of both total and dissolved copper removal was evaluated. The removal of total copper across primary sedimentation averaged 53% and were relatively...

In the work issues related to modeling of the biological-chemical wastewater treatment plant are presented. A commonly-used control strategy including model predictive control of the wastewater treatment plant are presented. Then a model of biological and chemical transformations AMS1 is described and its limitations are pointed out. Then the feed-forward neural networks are introduced. The per...

A number of methods are presented to treat sewage sludge. However, the sludge treated in each treatment process has a problem of heavy metal elution. Currently, the treatment of sewage sludge through carbonization is highlighted to solve such problem. This study carried out research of optimum carbonization and activation condition and analysis of adsorption characteristics in order to treat se...

Abstract This article discusses and analyzes modern technologies for the waste disposal from municipal treatment facilities according to ecological point of view. A review current their indicates that they have a valuable resource potential due high content organic substances mineral components. Thermal biological methods utilization are considered. The advantages disadvantages recycling specif...

OBJECTIVES To further assess the presence of fatigue, symptoms of diarrhoea, and inflammation of airways among people working in sewage plants and the relation to airborne bacterial endotoxin at the workplace. METHODS 34 Employees in sewage treatment plants and 35 controls were selected. They underwent a questionnaire investigation, and spirometry and airway responsiveness were measured. Meas...

The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on removal phosphate in a wastewater treatment plant by adding sludge formed at water (water sludge—WTS) city Astana (Kazakhstan). Raw WTS from drying beds was used study, and content chemical compounds present dry residue determined, yielding 10.8–14.6% aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 4.58–5.31% iron (Fe2O3). moisture ranged 90.5 to 95.6%, ash 51.3 6...

background: reprocessing of sewage sludge to agricultural land is preferred to disposal through landfill or incineration due to its potentially beneficial effects on soil fertility from organic matter and plant nutrients, such as n and p, present in the sludge. therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of sewage sludge and chemical fertilizers on pb and cd accumulation in fe...