This article elucidates the emerging principles required for the design of task-oriented mesocosms. Twelve key factors are discussed including mineral diversity, nutrient reservoirs, steep gradients, high exchange rates, periodic and random pulses, cellular design and mesocosm structure, subecosystems, microbial communities, photosynthetic bases, animal diversity, biological exchanges beyond th...

Adsorption is a fundamental process in the physicochemical treatment of municipal wastewaters, a treatment which can economically meet today's higher effluent standards and water reuse requirements. Activated carbon is the most effective adsorbent for this application. Expanded-bed contact systems permit most efficient use of granular carbon for waste treatment. The adsorption process is enhanc...

This study was undertaken to evaluate a novel aerobic wastewater treatment model for the remediation of refinery effluents and to assess the removal efficiency of Bulkholderia cepacia strain AJI and Corynebacterium kutscheri strain AJ2 to clean oil waste from petrochemical company. Wastewater quality parameters including pH, BOD5, COD, TDS, OIL & GREASE, PHENOL concentration, TPH and THC were m...

composting process, as one or the other is normally a limiting factor. Carbon serves primarily as an energy source for the microorganisms, while a small fraction of the carbon is incorporated in their cells. Nitrogen is critical for microbial population growth, as it is a constituent of protein which forms over 50 percent of dry bacterial cell mass. If nitrogen is limiting, microbial population...

Sludge production is an avoidable problem arising from the treatment of wastewater. The sludge remained after municipal wastewater treatment contains considerable amounts of various contaminants and if is not properly handled and disposed, it may produce extensive health hazards. Application of aquatic worm is an approach to decrease the amount of biological waste sludge produced in wastewater ...

This study was undertaken to evaluate a novel aerobic wastewater treatment model for the remediation of refinery effluents and to assess the removal efficiency of Bulkholderia cepacia strain AJI and Corynebacterium kutscheri strain AJ2 to clean oil waste from petrochemical company. Wastewater quality parameters including pH, BOD5, COD, TDS, OIL & GREASE, PHENOL concentration, TPH and THC were m...

Microwave energy has been widely used in several domestic, industrial, and medical applications such as food sterilization, organic/inorganic syntheses, polymerization, dehydration, analyses and extraction, and biological destruction. This paper summarizes the potential applications of microwave energy as remedial alternatives for various types of wastes and diverse contamination of soils, slud...