YinYang bipolar relativity leads to an equilibrium-based logically complete quantum theory which is presented and discussed in this chapter. It is shown that bipolar quantum entanglement and bipolar quantum computing bring bipolar relativity deeper into microscopic worlds. The concepts of bipolar qubit and YinYang bipolar complementarity are proposed and compared with Niels Bohr’s particle-wave...

The retina responds to a wide range of light stimuli by adaptation of retinal signaling to background light intensity and the use of two different photoreceptors: rods that sense dim light and cones that sense bright light. Rods signal to rod bipolar cells that receive significant inhibition from amacrine cells in the dark, especially from a rod bipolar cell-activated GABAergic amacrine cell. T...

BACKGROUND Although patients with bipolar I and II disorders exhibit heterogeneous clinical presentations and cognitive functions, it remains unclear whether these two subtypes have distinct neural substrates. This study aimed to differentiate the fiber abnormalities between bipolar I and II patients using diffusion tensor images. METHOD Fourteen bipolar I patients, thirteen bipolar II patien...

A fuzzy bipolar relation is a relation defined by a fuzzy bipolar condition, which could be interpreted as an association of a constraint and a wish. In this context, the extension of the relational division operation to bipolarity is studied in this paper. Firstly, we define a bipolar division when the involved relations are crisp. Then, we define, from the semantic point of view, several form...

Bipolar disorder affects many aspects of an individual's life and greatly interferes with a person's ability to find and maintain employment. The evidence indicates that a majority of patients with bipolar disorder are not employed and many others are employed only part time. Job-related difficulties are common, and patients with bipolar disorder tend to have higher rates of absenteeism from wo...

In this paper, we employed bipolar fuzzy set theory to hemi-rings and we popularized notation of bipolar valued fuzzy interior h-ideal, bipolar-valued fuzzy prime h-ideal, bipolar-valued fuzzy semiprime h-ideal, bipolar-valued fuzzy h-bi-ideal and bipolarvalued fuzzy h-quasi-ideal. We also introduced some basic properties and definition of bipolar-valued fuzzy h-ideals of hemi-ring. Then we int...

We have defined fuzzy bipolar soft sets and basic operations of union, intersection and complementation for fuzzy bipolar soft sets. The algebraic properties of fuzzy bipolar soft sets are discussed. The concept of bipolar fuzzy soft set is also given and the equivalence of both structures is established. An application of fuzzy bipolar soft sets in decision making problems is presented with th...

Progress in the treatment of bipolar disorder Bipolar affective disorder has long been recognized as being one of the most significant causes of increased mortality and morbidity due to mental ill health. Bipolar disorder is an evolution of the older concept of manic-depressive illness, which itself was differentiated from dementia praecox/schizophrenia by Kraepelin over 100 years ago. Bipolar ...

Photoreceptor degeneration differentially impacts glutamatergic signaling in downstream On and Off bipolar cells. In rodent models, photoreceptor degeneration leads to loss of glutamatergic signaling in On bipolar cells, whereas Off bipolar cells appear to retain glutamate sensitivity, even after extensive photoreceptor loss. The localization and identity of the receptors that mediate these res...

BACKGROUND Researchers have linked bipolar disorder to elevations in reward sensitivity and positive affect. Little is known, however, about how people with bipolar disorder respond to rewards and positive affect and how these tendencies relate to functioning or quality of life. METHODS Persons diagnosed with bipolar I disorder and matched controls completed the Responses to Positive Affect (...