To understand how the meiotic spindle is formed and maintained in higher plants, we studied the organization of microtubule arrays in wild-type maize meiocytes and three maize meiotic mutants, desynaptic1 (dsy1), desynaptic2 (dsy2), and absence of first division (afd). All three meiotic mutations have abnormal chromosome pairing and produce univalents by diakinesis. Using these three mutants, w...

In the developing neocortex, most excitatory neurons are supplied and arranged through radial migration. Because neurons show global morphological changes and complicated behavior during that migration, precise regulation of cell shape and polarity is essential for proper migration and correct neocortical formation; however, how cell shape and polarity are regulated in migrating neuron remains ...

Precisely regulated radial cell migration out of the ventricular zone is essential for corticogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms controlling the start of migration and the dynamics of migrating cell shape remain elusive. Here, we show novel mechanisms that can tether ventricular zone cells and control migrating cell shape. The novel protein Filamin A-interacting protein (FILIP) interacts wi...

This study provides a step-by-step, up-to-date fuel cell fundamentals, thermodynamic and electrochemical principles, system evaluation factors via case of 10-kW alkaline designed to operate in space applications. The also produces 100 kg pure water 5.5 kW heat. is modelled using MATLAB ANSYS Fluent. Then, the model verified with theoretical experimental results from literature. A parametric var...

How kinetochores correct improper microtubule attachments and regulate the spindle checkpoint signal is unclear. In budding yeast, kinetochores harboring mutations in the mitotic kinase Ipl1 fail to bind chromosomes in a bipolar fashion. In C. elegans and Drosophila, inhibition of the Ipl1 homolog, Aurora B kinase, induces aberrant anaphase and cytokinesis. To study Aurora B kinase in vertebrat...

Bipolar segmental clavicle fractures are simultaneous clavicle fractures of both proximal and distal ends. Few case reports describing these fractures have been published, and the management of these injuries have remained controversial. Non-operative treatment is likely to result in poor shoulder function due to the instability of the fracture in patients with high physical demands. In contras...

Over the last years, the critical role of cytoskeletal proteins in cortical development including neuronal migration as well as in neuronal morphology has been well established. Inputs from genetic studies were provided through the identification of several mutated genes encoding either proteins associated with microtubules (DCX, LIS1, KIF2A, KIF5C, DYNC1H1) or tubulin subunits (TUBA1A, TUBB2B,...

The flow field of a bipolar plate distributes hydrogen and oxygen for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and removes the produced water from the fuel cells. It greatly influences the performance of fuel cells, especially regarding reduction of mass transport loss. Flow fields with good reactant distribution capability reduce the mass transport loss, thus allowing higher power density...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been utilized as a promising power source for new energy vehicles. Their performances are greatly affected by the structural design of flow field in bipolar plate. In this paper, we present novel three-dimensional (3D) bionic cathode field, inspired small intestinal villi. The and working principle 3D units first described. A numerical model is ...