There is a phase difference between s and p polarizations when a circularly polarized heterodyne light beam is reflected from a birefringent crystal. It can be measured accurately with a common-path heterodyne interferometric technique. We have derived an equation that describes the relationship between the phase differences and n(e), n(o), and alpha. Two groups of solutions for (n(e), n(o)) ca...

T change in the refractive and stain­ ing properties of bone which occurs after pressure is applied to it was first described by Dreyer1 who applied pressure to the skull? of dead Vervet monkeys by strapping elastic bands under tension around them. The refractive and staining properties of the inner and outer tables of the calvaria of untreated monkeys differ in many sections cut from these bon...

The principal protein component of the hyaline layer of sea urchin eggs is the calcium-insoluble protein first described by Kane and Hersh. The protein hyalin is abnormally high in acidic amino acids, almost devoid of basic amino acids, and characteristically rich in valine and proline. Essentially all of the cysteine present is found in the disulfide form; no evidence points to intermolecular ...

The analytical bright two soliton solution of the 3coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients in birefringent optical fiber is obtained by Darboux transformation method. To the design of ultra-speed optical devices, Soliton interaction and control in birefringence fiber is investigated. Lax pair is constructed for N coupled NLS system through AKNS method. Using two-solit...

The structural anisotropy of biological tissues can be quantified using polarized light imaging in terms of birefringence; however, birefringence varies axially in anisotropic layered tissues. This may present ambiguity in result interpretation for techniques whose birefringence results are averaged over the sampling volume. To explore this issue, we extended the polarization sensitive Monte Ca...

In this work, we demonstrate a highly birefringent (Hi-Bi) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) infiltrated with PDMS elastomer in order to enhance the sensitivity of the fiber to external temperature variations. Index guiding mechanism of the new PDMS/Silica structure and birefringent properties were investigated numerically and experimentally. We investigated the temperature dependance of birefringen...