OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child development. METHODS This prospective, longitudinal study recruited 154 pregnant cocaine users who were matched on race, parity, socioeconomic status, and perinatal risk to 154 noncocaine users. Drug use status was determined by maternal history and urine screening. At 3 years of age, the child subjects were assessed by ...

Prenatal exposure to adverse environmental conditions is related to increased adult mortality in regions where infections are highly prevalent, yet there is little evidence of the impact of perinatal conditions on the risk of severe infections throughout life. Using prospectively collected data from 21 604 like-sexed Swedish twins of known zygosity born in 1926-1958, we examined the risk of pol...

BACKGROUND Despite the huge proportion of the babies in the developing world being born low birthweight, only about half of the newborns are weighed at birth as weighing scales often tend to be either non-available or defective. OBJECTIVE Designing a nomogram for estimation of birthweight from head circumference (HC) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). METHOD Birthweight, HC and MUAC of...

The aim of this study is to determine the anogenital distance in male and female newborns in Zaria and possible causes of variation. The anogenital distance (AGD), serum testosterone and anthropometric measurements of 200 newborns was measured (100 male, 100 female). Data obtained were analysed using Student t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation as applicable. The mean total anogenital distan...

There is evidence that IQ tends to be higher in those who were heavier at birth or who grew taller in childhood and adolescence. Although these findings imply that growth in both foetal and postnatal life influences cognitive performance, little is known about the relative importance of brain growth during different periods of development. We investigated the relationship between brain growth i...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of patterns of drug use during term pregnancy on infant growth parameters at birth. METHODS Histories of cocaine, opiate, alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use during the 3-month period before pregnancy and the 3 trimesters of pregnancy were recorded at the infants' 1-month visit. Patterns of use were categorized as consistently high, moderate, or low/none or ...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the growth status of very low birth infant at corrected age of two years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all babies with birth weight ≤1500 gr without any congenital anomalies, genetic disturbance and chronic disease (e.g. cardiopulmonary insufficiency, cholestasis, malabsorption). They were called at corrected age 2 year...

objective: Educational models are used to study the behavior and plan for changing and determining the factors that affect the individuals’ decision making for conducting a behavior. This study aimed to compare the effects of the educational program based on BASNEF model and acupressure at GB21 point on the infants’ physical growth indicators.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 150 (5...

OBJECTIVE To see whether reduced rates of fetal growth are related to raised serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life. DESIGN Follow up study of men and women whose size at birth had been recorded. SETTING Jessop and Northern General Hospitals, Sheffield. SUBJECTS 219 men and women born in the Jessop Hospital during 1939-40. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum concentrations of total chol...