OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of the one child family policy in China on fertility, preferred family size, and sex ratio. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from the Chinese cross sectional national family planning and reproductive health survey, 2001. Interviews of representative sample of women aged 15-49. RESULTS Data were obtained from 39,585 women, with a total of 73,202 pregnancies ...

Do Population Control Policies Induce More Human Capital Investment? Twins, Birthweight, and China's 'One Child' Policy In this paper we use a new data set describing households with and without twin children in China to quantify the trade-off between the quality and quantity of children using the incidence of twins that for the first time takes into account effects associated with the lower bi...

Environmental influences during gestation may have long-term effects on adult muscle strength. It is not known how early in adult life such effects are manifest and whether they are modified by childhood body size. The authors examined the relation between birth weight and hand grip strength in a prospective national birth cohort of 1,371 men and 1,404 women from the Medical Research Council Na...

The purpose of this article was to analyse data available on pig sex ratio at birth to provide information on its variability and the possible factors of influence. Factors that can influence the proportion of female or male offsprings are of interest in livestock production for practical reasons. Previous works show that exhaustive and conclusive information is not available in pigs. Nowadays,...

The inverse associations between birth weight and later adverse health outcomes and the positive associations between adult body size and poor health imply that increases in relative body size between birth and adulthood may be undesirable. In this paper, the authors describe life course path analysis, a method that can be used to jointly estimate associations between body sizes at different ti...

Litters from 130 does of a synthetic line were used in the experiment. The left ovary was removed before puberty in 64 of these females (ULO does). The offspring of the first and second parities of all the does was individually weighed at birth (IBW) and at weaning (IWW). Litter size was higher in the intact does, but survival from birth to first week was the same for both groups. The relations...

introduction: the acquisition of speech and language constitutes a dynamic part of two-year-old children’s growth. expressive lexicon is a key indicator of language ability in these children. premature birth, birth before gestational week 37, is one of the most common risk factors associated with learning skill development. a review of literature suggests inconsistent results on the relationshi...

BACKGROUND Few adult environmental or behavioural factors have been consistently associated with age at menopause. The peak number of follicles attained in utero or lost before ovulation begins may be more important. This study investigates whether birthweight, childhood body size, having been breastfed and early socioeconomic circumstances are associated with age at menopause. METHODS Menopa...

BACKGROUND Infant low birth weight is one of the major problems in different societies. Different reports have provided different results regarding the relationship between maternal anemia and infant low birth weight in different months of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal anemia during pregnancy and infant low birth weight. MATERI...