1 Blindness has evolved repeatedly in cave-dwelling organisms, and investigating loss of sight presents an 2 opportunity to understand the operation of fundamental evolutionary processes, including drift, selection, 3 mutation, and migration. The observation of blind organisms has prompted many theories for their 4 blindness, including loss-by-disuse and selection against eye development when e...

GEORGE HENRY spent only one day at the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, but the experience made a profound impression on him. Midway through a colorful career as a canal builder and bell maker, Henry developed an inflammation of the eyes that gradually destroyed his vision. Desperate to find some new way to support his family, in the late 1830s he went to the school's workshop in Philade...

THE importance of ocular lesions in sarcoidosis was not recognized until recently, although they have been known for much longer (Bloch, 1914; Mylius and Schiirmann, 1929; Schaumann, 1934). Most of the early literature was preoccupied with Heerfordt's syndrome and Bruins Slot (1936) eventually identified this as a form of sarcoidosis. Osterberg (1939) made the first attempt to study how sarcoid...

OBJECTIVE To study the barriers to effective screening, early detection and treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity leading to advanced disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary eye care hospital in northern India. PARTICIPANTS 115 babies with bilateral stage 5 ROP identified amongst 354 preterm infants examined over a one year period. METHODS Information regarding gestati...

This paper explores different methods of adjusting images such that viewers suffering from dichromacy are able to better perceive image detail and color dynamics. In particular, we select deuteranopia, a type of dichromacy where the patient does not naturally develop “green”, or medium wavelength, cones in his or her eyes. This comparison considers three algorithms for this type of image proces...

AIM To report the failure of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for ocular surface reconstruction in patients with severe acute chemical and thermal burns. METHODS Four eyes of three patients who suffered severe chemical (n=3) and thermal (n=1) burns were studied. The aim of AMT was to prevent symblepharon formation, promote conjunctival regeneration, inhibit corneal melting by promoting...

Cryptococcal induced visual loss is a devastating complication in survivors of cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Early detection is paramount in prevention and treatment. Subclinical optic nerve dysfunction in CM has not hitherto been investigated by electrophysiological means. We undertook a prospective study on 90 HIV sero-positive patients with culture confirmed CM. Seventy-four patients underwe...

AIM To evaluate the results of cataract surgery performed in a rural Indian eye camp. METHOD The pre- and postoperative visual acuities and surgical complications were recorded prospectively in 6383 eyes undergoing cataract extraction for age related cataract in rural eye camps held in northern India in 1993-4. The best visual acuity and cause of poor outcome were recorded on 3908 eyes seen a...

INTRODUCTION There is limited knowledge on primary angle closure (PAC) in Malays. Understanding the clinical presentation and progression of PAC in Malays is important for prevention of blindness in Southeast Asia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective record review study was conducted on Malay patients seen in the eye clinic of two tertiary hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Based on the availa...